compliment的词源
英文词源
- compliment
- compliment: [17] Compliment and complement, so often confused, are in effect doublets. They come from the same ultimate source, Latin complēmentum, a noun derived from complēre ‘fill up, finish’ (source of English complete and accomplish). English borrowed complement direct from Latin in the 14th century in the sense ‘fulfilment, accomplishment’, and by the 16th century this had developed the more specific metaphorical meaning ‘fulfilment of the obligation of politeness’ – hence ‘polite words of praise’.
But then in the 17th century came competition in the form of compliment, also meaning ‘polite words of praise’. This also came from Latin complēmentum, but along a circuitous route via Vulgar Latin *complimentum, Spanish cumplimiento, and French compliment. It gradually took over from complement in this ‘flattering’ sense, while complement went on to develop its leading current meaning, ‘counterpart’, in the 19th century.
=> accomplish, complement, complete, comply, expletive, plenary, plenty - compliment (n.)
- "An act, or expression of civility, usually understood to include some hypocrisy, and to mean less than it declares" [Johnson], 1570s, complement, via French compliment (17c.), from Italian complimento "expression of respect and civility," from Vulgar Latin *complire, for Latin complere "to complete" (see complete (adj.)), via notion of "complete the obligations of politeness." Same word as complement but by a different etymological route; differentiated by spelling after 1650.
- compliment (v.)
- 1610s, from French complimenter, from compliment (see compliment (n.)). Related: Complimented; complimenting.
中文词源
词源同complement, 补足，完成。原义指完成礼仪，表达尊重，多用于客套性的用语。词义与complement产生了完全的差别。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：compliment 词源，compliment 含义。
compliment和complement这两个词汇不仅容易混淆,并且均来源于拉丁语动词com.plere(充满,完成)派生的名词complement.um(履行,完成)。compliment和complement被产生的路线不同,complement直接来源于拉丁语complement.um。complement.um(履行,完成)在通俗拉丁语中为complimentum,西班牙语为cumplimiento,法语为compliment,进入英语后逐步接替了complement中“谄媚,讨好”的语义。
词根词缀： com-加强意义 + -pli-充满 + -ment名词词尾 → 充满(敬意)
