chap的词源
英文词源
- chap
- chap: There are four distinct words chap in English. The oldest, ‘sore on the skin’ [14], originally meant more generally ‘crack, split’, and may be related to Middle Low German kappen ‘chop off’; it seems ultimately to be the same word as chop ‘cut’. Chap ‘jaw’ [16] (as in Bath chaps) is probably a variant of chop (as in ‘lick one’s chops’). Chap ‘fellow’ [16] originally meant ‘customer’; it is an abbreviation of chapman ‘trader’ [OE] (source of the common surname, but now obsolete as an ordinary noun), whose first element is related to English cheap. Chaps ‘leggings’ [19] is short for Mexican Spanish chaparreras, a derivative of Spanish chaparro ‘evergreen oak’; they were named from their use in protecting the legs of riders from the low thick scrub that grows in Mexico and Texas (named with another derivative of chaparro, chaparral). Chaparro itself probably comes from Basque txapar, a diminutive of saphar ‘thicket’.
=> chop; cheap; chaparral - chap (n.)
- 1570s, "customer," short for obsolete chapman "purchaser, trader" (see cheap). Colloquial sense of "lad, fellow" is first attested 1716 (compare slang tough customer).
- chap (v.)
- "to crack," mid-15c., chappen (intransitive) "to split, burst open;" "cause to crack" (transitive); perhaps a variant of choppen (see chop (v.), and compare strap/strop), or related to Middle Dutch kappen "to chop, cut," Danish kappe, Swedish kappa "to cut." Related: Chapped; chapping. The noun meaning "fissure in the skin" is from late 14c.
中文词源
1.家伙，来自cheap, 原指卖东西的小商人。
2.皲裂，来自chop变体。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：chap 词源，chap 含义。
在英国英语日常口语中chap相当于fellow，有“家伙”“小伙子”等义。用于此义的chap系由chapman一词缩略而来。chapman来自古英语ceapman，其中ceap有trade（贸易，交易）的意思，cheap（便宜的，廉价的）一词即源出于此，故chapman最初指“商人”，但以后却转而指“买主”或“顾客”。16世纪当chap这一缩略形式出现时，一开始也用以指“买主”或“顾客”，chap在英国方言中至今还保留了此义。到了18世纪chap的词义才引申为“家伙”“小伙子”。我们从另一个词customer的词义也由“顾客”向“家伙”引申这一点看到了这两个词在词义变化方面的类似之处。值得我们注意的另一点是，chap的出现并没有使chapman从英语中消失，它至今仍在英国英语中使用，但原先的词义已经废弃，现指“流动小贩”或“叫卖小贩”。
