The theory of the quoting strategy is important for tenderee and tenderer.
应用博弈论方法研究一级密封招标的最优报价策略,获得了投标人成本独立均匀分布时最优报价策略的函数式,证明了投标人的最优报价策略不仅仅依赖其自身的成本,还与参加竞争的投标人数量和他们的成本分布跨度相关。
Where bidders submit tenders in collusion and harm the interests of persons inviting tenders or other bidders,
投标人相互串通投标报价，损害招标人或者其他投标人利益，
When you call for a bid, should the bidder make a cash deposit?
贵公司投标时，投标人要缴纳保证金吗?
No bidder shall is permit to alter his bid after the bid have is open.
开标以后，任何投标人都不准再修改投标。
Article 43 Before the winning bidder is determined, the tenderer may not negotiate with any bidder on such substantial contents as bid price or bidding plan.
第四十三条在确定中标人前，招标人不得与投标人就投标价格、投标方案等实质性内容进行谈判。
On the Forms and Strategies of Evil-intention Bidding in Construction Project;
谈建设工程投标人恶意投标的几种形式及对策
(d) the name and address of winning tenderer;
(d)中标投标人的名称和地址；
Study on the Numbers of the Participators in Bidding;
招标与拍卖过程中的投标人数的研究
Article25 A bidder is a legal person or other organization which responds to an invitation of bids and participates in the bidding competition.
第二十五条投标人是响应招标、加投标竞争的法人或者其他组织。
A bid inviting party may not coerce bidders into organizing a consortium to jointly submit a bid and may not restrict the competition among the bidders.
招标人不得强制投标人组成联合体共同投标，不得限制投标人之间的竞争。
Article43 Until the winning bidder has been determined, the bid inviting party may not hold negotiations with bidders on substantive contents such as bid price, bid plans, etc.
第四十三条在确定中标人前，招标人不得与投标人就投标价格、标方案等实质性内容进行谈判。
Article27 A bidder shall prepare its bid documents according to the requirements of the bid invitation documents.
第二十七条投标人应当按照招标文件的要求编制投标文件。
It is forbidden for bidders to offer bribes to the tenderers or members of the bid assessment committees for winning.
禁止投标人以向招标人或者评标委员会成员行贿的手段谋取中标。
All the expenses of the trainee or trainee will is support by the bidder.
受训人员的全部费用都由投标人支付。
Collusion in Bidding and Corresponding Countermeasures under the System of the Lowest Price Bidding Method by Judgment --Collusion in Bidding between Bidders and Syndics;
经评审的最低价中标制度下的串通投标及其反制策略——投标人与评委之间的串通投标
Tenderers should follow the English Version for the tendering purpose. The Chinese Version is for reference only.
出于投标的目的,投标人应依据英文文本。中文文本仅供参考。
On Bidder′s Bid Price Offering and Project Cost Management under Price in Bill of Quantities;
论投标人在工程量清单计价条件下的投标报价与项目成本管理
"prior to the expiry of the original tender validity period, the company may request the tenderers for a specified extension of the period of validity."
公司可在原定的投标有效期满之前向投标人提出投标有效期延长到另行规定时间的要求。
Everybody can take part in the tender.
任何人都可以参加投标。