来自拉丁语的stern 意为 rigid,它的变形为stren。stern 也有chest,breast 的意思,但此种用法不多见。
同源词:
1. consternation(身体完全变硬 con<com(=intensive) + stern(=rigid))
n.吃惊,惊愕;惊惶失措
Imagine my consternation at seeing three hoods with guns approaching me. 想像一下,当看到三个强盗持枪向我走来时我是多么惊惶失措。
2. stern
adj.严格的;苛刻的,严厉的;坚定的 n.船尾
sternly adv. 严格地
sternness n.严格
stern treatment /rebukes 严厉的对待/严厉的指责
stern taskmaster /face 严厉的工头/板着的面孔
stern looks 严厉的表情
3. sternum
n.胸骨 *stern (=breast,chest)
4. strenuous
adj.奋发的;艰苦的 *stren<stern(=rigid)
make strenuous efforts 竭尽全力
strenuous work 艰苦的工作
strenuous workers 勤奋的工人
lead a strenuous life 生活艰苦