with的词源
英文词源
- with
- with: [OE] The ancestral meaning of with is ‘against’ (retained by its German relative wider). It goes back ultimately to the Indo-European base *wi-, which denoted ‘separation’. The notion of ‘accompaniment’ is a secondary development, albeit an ancient one, and the idea of ‘instrumentality’ did not emerge until the 12th century.
- with (prep.)
- Old English wið "against, opposite, from, toward, by, near," a shortened form related to wiðer, from Proto-Germanic *withro- "against" (cognates: Old Saxon withar "against," Old Norse viðr "against, with, toward, at," Middle Dutch, Dutch weder, Dutch weer "again," Gothic wiþra "against, opposite"), from PIE *wi-tero-, literally "more apart," suffixed form of root *wi- "separation" (cognates: Sanskrit vi, Avestan vi- "asunder," Sanskrit vitaram "further, farther," Old Church Slavonic vutoru "other, second").
Sense shifted in Middle English to denote association, combination, and union, partly by influence of Old Norse vidh, and also perhaps by Latin cum "with" (as in pugnare cum "fight with"). In this sense, it replaced Old English mid "with," which survives only as a prefix (as in midwife). Original sense of "against, in opposition" is retained in compounds such as withhold, withdraw, withstand. Often treated as a conjunction by ungrammatical writers and used where and would be correct. First record of with child "pregnant" is recorded from c. 1200. With it "cool" is black slang, recorded by 1931. French avec "with" was originally avoc, from Vulgar Latin *abhoc, from apud hoc, literally "with this."
中文词源
缩写自古英语wither,相对，相反，来自PIE*wi-tero,更加分开，*wi,分开，词源同widow，wide,*tero,比较级后缀，词源同alternate,interior。词义由相反过渡到再一次，和，与。词义演变比较again.
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：with 词源，with 含义。
缩 写 自 古 英 语 wither, 相 对 ， 相 反 ， 来 自 PIE*wi-tero, 更 加 分 开 ， *wi, 分 开 ， 词 源 同 widow,wide,*tero,比较级后缀，词源同 alternate,interior.词义由相反过渡到再一次，和，与。 词义演变比较 again.
