whole的词源

英文词源

whole

whole: [OE] Whole is at the centre of a tightlyknit family of English words descended from prehistoric Germanic *khailaz ‘undamaged’ (the other members – hail ‘salute’, hale, hallow, heal, health, and holy – have have branched off in different semantic directions, but whole has stayed fairly close to its source). The Germanic form, which also produced German heil, Dutch heel, and Swedish and Danish hel, went back to an Indo-European *qoilos, source also of Russian celyj ‘whole’ and Welsh coel ‘good omen’. Hale [13] originated as a northern variant of whole (whose wh- spelling emerged in the 16th century).

The compound wholesome was probably formed in Old English, but it is not recorded until the 12th century.
=> hail, hale, hallow, heal, health, holy

whole (adj.)

Old English hal "entire, whole; unhurt, uninjured, safe; healthy, sound; genuine, straightforward," from Proto-Germanic *haila- "undamaged" (cognates: Old Saxon hel, Old Norse heill, Old Frisian hal, Middle Dutch hiel, Dutch heel, Old High German, German heil "salvation, welfare"), from PIE *kailo- "whole, uninjured, of good omen" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic celu "whole, complete;" see health).

The spelling with wh- developed early 15c. The sense in whole number is from early 14c. Whole milk is from 1782. On the whole "considering all facts or circumstances" is from 1690s. For phrase whole hog, see hog (n.).

whole (n.)

"entire body or company; the full amount," late 14c., from whole (adj.).

中文词源

whole：全部的

来自古英语hal,整个的，完整的，健康的，来自PIE*kailo,整个的，词源同health,holy,hollow.

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：whole 词源，whole 含义。

whole：完整的，无缺的；全体的，全部的

来源于史前日耳曼语khailaz。

同源词：heal, health词组/短语：as a whole (adv.)作为一个整体on the whole (adv.)总的说来

whole：全部的；整个的

这是一个比较古老的词，在古英语中词形为hāl/hæl，原意是“健康的”、“完全的”。whole这一词形是大约在16世纪由hole加上字母w构成的。当时有不少首字母为h的词都一度在词首加上w，如hood（风帽；车篷），hoard（囤积；贮藏），hore（妓女）等，到现在只有whore（妓女）一词还保留着首字母w。

wholesome（对健康有益的；有益于身心健康的）是由whole加形容词后缀-some所构成，在古英语中作hālsum，至今还保留着whole的原始词义。

hale是whole的姐妹词，也可以说是whole的变体，始用于13世纪，至今仍有较强的生命力，一般用于固定短语hale and hearty，意思是“精神矍铄的”。

此外，还有heal（治愈），health（健康）这两个词在词形和词义上与whole，hale有较密切的亲缘关系。

whole：全部的

来自古英语 hal,整个的，完整的，健康的，来自 PIE*kailo,整个的，词源同 health,holy,hollow. wholesale 批发的