victim的词源

英文词源

victim

victim: [15] Victim originally denoted a ‘person or animal killed as a sacrifice’; the more general notion of ‘someone who suffers from or is killed by something’ is a secondary development. The word was borrowed from Latin victima, which may be related to German weihen ‘consecrate’.

victim (n.)

late 15c., "living creature killed and offered as a sacrifice to a deity or supernatural power," from Latin victima "person or animal killed as a sacrifice." Perhaps distantly connected to Old English wig "idol," Gothic weihs "holy," German weihen "consecrate" (compare Weihnachten "Christmas") on notion of "a consecrated animal." Sense of "person who is hurt, tortured, or killed by another" is recorded from 1650s; meaning "person oppressed by some power or situation" is from 1718. Weaker sense of "person taken advantage of" is recorded from 1781.

中文词源

victim：受害者

来自拉丁语victima,祭品，献祭的人或动物，来自PIE*weik,选择，选出祭品，牺牲，词源同Wicca,witch。由祭品引申词义受害者。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：victim 词源，victim 含义。

victim（受害人）：被作为祭品杀死的人或动物　　

在古代社会，很多地方都有“血祭”的宗教习俗，即将活人或动物当场杀死，作为祭品奉献给神灵。被杀死的活人通常是战争中捕获的俘虏。在拉丁语中，这种被作为祭品杀死的人或动物被称为victima。该词15世纪进入英语后，拼写改为victim。17世纪后，词义演变为“受害人、被折磨者”；18世纪后，增加了“被压迫者”的含义。

　　victim：['vɪktɪm] n.受害人，牺牲品

victim：受害人，牺牲者

来源于拉丁语victima(作祭品的动物)。

词根词缀： -vict-征服,战胜 + im

victim：受害者

来自拉丁语 victima,祭品，献祭的人或动物，来自 PIE*weik,选择，选出祭品，牺牲，词源同 Wicca,witch.由祭品引申词义受害者。