typhoon的词源

英文词源

typhoon

typhoon: [16] A typhoon is etymologically a ‘great wind’. The word was adapted from Cantonese Chinese daai feng ‘great wind’, its form no doubt influenced by Greek Tūphón, father of the winds in Greek mythology (his name was derived from the verb túphein ‘smoke’, which also produced túphos ‘smoke’, hence ‘fever causing delusion’, source of English stew, typhoid, and typhus).

typhoon (n.)

Tiphon "violent storm, whirlwind, tornado," 1550s, from Greek typhon "whirlwind," personified as a giant, father of the winds, perhaps from typhein "to smoke" (see typhus), but according to Watkins from PIE *dheub- "deep, hollow," via notion of "monster from the depths." The meaning "cyclone, violent hurricane of India or the China Seas" is first recorded 1588 in Thomas Hickock's translation of an account in Italian of a voyage to the East Indies by Caesar Frederick, a merchant of Venice:

concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it, neither do they know certainly what yeere they wil come. ["The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies"]

This sense of the word, in reference to titanic storms in the East Indies, first appears in Europe in Portuguese in the mid-16th century. It aparently is from tufan, a word in Arabic, Persian, and Hindi meaning "big cyclonic storm." Yule ["Hobson-Jobson," London, 1903] writes that "the probability is that Vasco [da Gama] and his followers got the tufao ... direct from the Arab pilots."

The Arabic word sometimes is said to be from Greek typhon, but other sources consider it purely Semitic, though the Greek word might have influenced the form of the word in English. Al-tufan occurs several times in the Koran for "a flood or storm" and also for Noah's Flood. Chinese (Cantonese) tai fung "a great wind" also might have influenced the form or sense of the word in English, and that term and the Indian one may have had some mutual influence; toofan still means "big storm" in India.

From the thighs downward he was nothing but coiled serpents, and his arms which, when he spread them out, reached a hundred leagues in either direction, had countless serpents' heads instead of hands. His brutish ass-head touched the stars, his vast wings darkened the sun, fire flashed from his eyes, and flaming rocks hurtled from his mouth. [Robert Graves, "Typhon," in "The Greek Myths"]

中文词源

typhoon（台风）：单挑奥林巴斯诸神的巨怪提丰

宙斯率领奥林巴斯诸神战胜提坦诸神后，对参与谋反的提坦诸神进行了严厉了惩罚。大部 分提坦神被关押在无底深渊中，擎天神阿特拉斯被罚在西天擎天。对提坦神的严厉惩罚引发了老祖宗大地女神盖亚的不满。因此，盖亚与深渊神塔尔塔罗斯交配，生 下了一个体格无比庞大的怪物提丰（Typhoeus），前来挑战奥林巴斯诸神。

传说提丰上身似人，下身似蛇，身高比世界上最高的山峰还要高。它长有100个脑袋， 眼睛能喷火，口中能发出各种骇人的吼叫声。他力大无穷，用巨石和烈焰袭击了奥林巴斯诸神。诸神落荒而逃，一直逃到埃及。天神宙斯用霹雳与其搏斗，击退提 丰。但当宙斯近距离追击时，却被提丰用蛇发缠住制服。提丰将宙斯筋肉割掉，将其囚禁在山洞中。幸亏有神使赫尔墨斯施展神偷本领，将宙斯连同筋肉偷回。宙斯 再次与提丰展开大战，将其压在埃特纳火山之下。

提丰虽然被制服了，但他生出了许多怪物，如看守地狱的三头犬、九头蛇、奇美拉、斯芬克斯等，可算是希腊神话中的妖魔鬼怪的老祖宗。传说肆虐人间的狂风就是由提丰引起的，所以人们就用提丰的名字来命名它，这就是英语单词typhoon（台风）的来源。

typhoon：[taɪ'fuːn]n.台风

typhonic：[taɪ'fɑnɪk]adj.台风的，台风似的

typhon：['taɪ,fɑn]n.（电子）大喇叭

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：typhoon 词源，typhoon 含义。

typhoon：台风 

来源于粤语daai feng(大风),也受了希腊神话中“风神”(tuphon)这一词汇的影响。

typhoon：台风

来自希腊语 typhon,旋风，可能来自 typhein,冒烟，词源同 typhus,或来自 PIE*dheub,深的，地 底的，词源同 deep.后用于指热带风暴台风最早见于 16 世纪在南亚和东亚附近开拓殖民地的 葡萄牙人的描述，据说是来自阿拉伯语 tufan,怒吼的风，旋转的风暴，可能为拟声词，也有 说法是该阿拉伯词原为借自希腊语 typhon,旋风。但同时，词义和拼写又同时受到汉语台风 的影响。令人抓狂的是，汉语台风在词源上同样说不清楚，较常见的说法有来自广东话大风 变音，或因从台湾海峡进入大陆，简称台风，还有一种说法就是荷兰人占领台湾后，借用自 希腊语 typhon,旋风，最后普通话翻译为台风。更多参照百度百科。

typhoon：台风

来自希腊语 typhon,旋风，可能来自 typhein,冒烟，词源同 typhus,或来自 PIE*dheub,深的，地 底的，词源同 deep.后用于指热带风暴台风最早见于 16 世纪在南亚和东亚附近开拓殖民地的 葡萄牙人的描述，据说是来自阿拉伯语 tufan,怒吼的风，旋转的风暴，可能为拟声词，也有 说法是该阿拉伯词原为借自希腊语 typhon,旋风。但同时，词义和拼写又同时受到汉语台风 的影响。令人抓狂的是，汉语台风在词源上同样说不清楚，较常见的说法有来自广东话大风 变音，或因从台湾海峡进入大陆，简称台风，还有一种说法就是荷兰人占领台湾后，借用自 希腊语 typhon,旋风，最后普通话翻译为台风。更多参照百度百科。