tribe的词源
英文词源
- tribe
- tribe: [13] Tribe comes via Old French tribu from Latin tribus ‘pision of the Roman people’. This was probably derived from the base *tri- ‘three’, and denoted etymologically the ‘three original tribes of Rome’ – the Tities, the Ramnes, and the Luceres. The ‘head of a tribe’ was known as a tribūnus, whence English tribune [14]; and the verb for ‘give out amongst the tribes’ was tribuere, source of English contribute [16], distribute [15], retribution [14], and tribute [14].
=> contribute, distribute, retribution, three, tribune, tribute - tribe (n.)
- mid-13c., "one of the twelve pisions of the ancient Hebrews," from Old French tribu or directly from Latin tribus "one of the three political/ethnic pisions of the original Roman state" (Tites, Ramnes, and Luceres, corresponding, perhaps, to the Latins, Sabines, and Etruscans), later, one of the 30 political pisions instituted by Servius Tullius (increased to 35 in 241 B.C.E.), of unknown origin. Perhaps from tri- "three" + *bheue-, root of the verb be. Others connect the word with the PIE root *treb- "a dwelling" (see tavern).
In the Biblical sense, which was the original one in English, the Latin word translates Greek phyle "race or tribe of men, body of men united by ties of blood and descent, a clan" (see phylo-). Extension to modern ethnic groups or races of people is from 1590s, specifically "a pision of a barbarous race of people, usually distinguishable in some way from their congeners, united into a community under a recognized head or chief" [Century Dictionary], but colloquially of any aggregate of inpiduals of a kind.
中文词源
tribe（部落）：组成古罗马人的最早三大族群
英语单词tribe来自拉丁语tribus。tribus原本指的是最早构成罗马的三大族群：拉丁人、萨宾人和伊特鲁里亚人。其中拉丁人是最早的罗马人，是罗马城的缔造者罗穆卢斯的后裔，萨宾人原本是罗马人的邻居。当初拉丁人罗马娶不上媳妇，就设计强抢了萨宾人的女人做妻子。萨宾人前来复仇时，被掳的萨宾女人阻止了战争。双方结为同盟。伊特鲁里亚人原本也是罗马人的邻居，并曾经统治罗马，但后来伊特鲁里亚诸城市被罗马人攻陷，伊特鲁里亚人逐渐被罗马人同化。因此，这三大族群构成了罗马人的主体，每一族群都自称tribus，意思就是“三分之一”。
在13世纪中期，为了翻译圣经中所说的12个希伯来人部落，英语从拉丁语中借用了tribus一词，拼写改为tribe。
tribe： [traɪb] n.部落，宗族
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：tribe 词源，tribe 含义。
来自拉丁语 tribus,部落，宗族，地区，特指古罗马城邦三个宗族集团，即现在为人们熟知的 Latins,Sabines,Etruscans.可能来自 tri-,三，-be,存在，词源同 be,phylum.或来自 PIE*treb,居住， 聚居，词源同 thorp,troop.
tri-是前缀“三”，be表“存在”。tribe和“三”的关系可能是来自古罗马最初有三个部落组成，即拉丁人、萨宾人和伊特鲁利亚人。罗马帝国崛起的过程中，后两个种族被拉丁人所同化或消灭。前缀tri-想必也不算陌生了，如triple（三倍的）。
来自拉丁语 tribus,部落，宗族，地区，特指古罗马城邦三个宗族集团，即现在为人们熟知的 Latins,Sabines,Etruscans.可能来自 tri-,三，-be,存在，词源同 be,phylum.或来自 PIE*treb,居住， 聚居，词源同 thorp,troop.
