toast的词源
英文词源
- toast
- toast: [14] Toast comes via Old French toster ‘roast, grill’ from Vulgar Latin *tostāre, a derivative of the past participle of Latin torrēre ‘parch’ (source of English torrid). Its use as a noun, meaning ‘toasted bread’, dates from the 15th century. It was common to put sippets or croutons of spiced toast into drinks to improve their flavour, and it was the custom of gallants in the 17th century, when (as they frequently did) they drank the health of ladies, to say that the name of the lady in question enhanced the flavour of their drink better than any toast.
That is supposedly the origin of the use of the term toast for ‘drinking someone’s health’.
=> thirst, torrent, torrid - toast (v.1)
- "to brown with heat," late 14c., from Old French toster "to toast, to grill, roast, burn" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *tostare (source of Italian tostare, Spanish tostar), frequentative of Latin torrere (past participle tostus) "to parch" (see terrain). Related: Toasted; toasting.
- toast (v.2)
- "to propose or drink a toast," 1700, from toast (n.1). This probably is the source of the Jamaican and U.S. black word meaning "extemporaneous narrative poem or rap" (1962). Related: Toasted; toasting.
- toast (n.1)
- "a call to drink to someone's health," 1700 (but said by Steele, 1709, to date to the reign of Charles II), originally referring to the beautiful or popular woman whose health is proposed and drunk. The custom apparently has its origin in the use of spiced toast (n.2) to flavor drink, the lady being regarded as figuratively adding piquancy to the wine in which her health was drunk. Steele's story ["Tatler," No. 24] is that an (unnamed) beauty of the day was taking the cold waters at Bath, when a gentleman dipped his cup in the water and drank it to her health; another in his company wittily (or drunkenly) replied that, while he did not care for the drink, he would gladly enjoy the toast. Meaning "one whose health is proposed and drunk to" is from 1746. Toast-master attested from 1749.
- toast (n.2)
- "piece of bread browned by fire or dry heat," early 15c., from toast (v.1); originally as something added to wine, ale, etc. From 17c. in the modern sense as something eaten on its own with a spread. Slang meaning "a goner, person or thing already doomed or destroyed" is recorded by 1987, perhaps from notion of computer circuits being "fried," and with unconscious echoes of earlier figurative phrase to be had on toast (1886) "to be served up for eating."
中文词源
toast(敬酒):在葡萄酒中放烤面包以提升味道的习俗
古今中外,人们都有在喝酒时碰杯的习俗。据说该习俗最早出现于古希腊。那时人们在饮酒前,会主动把自己杯里的酒和对方杯中酒掺杂,以此表示酒里无毒。后来,信任的朋友和熟人之间就不再这么麻烦,仅仅象征性地碰一下酒杯即可。这就是碰杯的起源。
碰杯时,人们往往还会说一些祝福的话,这种做法就是“敬酒”。在英语中用toast表示。单词toast本指烤面包,它是怎么跟“敬酒”扯上关系的呢?原来,古代人喜欢喝葡萄酒,但当时葡萄酒的味道远不如现在好喝。人们往往会在葡萄酒杯中放一片烤面包(toast),涂有香料或果酱的烤面包更好。烤面包可以吸收葡萄酒的酸味,使葡萄酒变得更加香醇。人们在向长辈或女性敬酒时,往往会把对方的美德或美貌比作葡萄酒中的toast。久而久之,toast一词就用来比喻杰出的、广受赞誉的人,还可以用作动词,表示“敬酒”之意。
敬酒这种习俗无论中外都很流行。在西方宴会上还出现了专门的toastmaster,相当于宴会主持人。他的职责就是组织宴会上的敬酒活动,避免出现一窝蜂似的混乱场面。
toast:n.烤面包,敬酒,干杯,接受敬酒的人,广受赞誉的人vt.向……敬酒,为……干杯vi.烤火,取暖,烘烤面包
toast in the town:广受赞誉的人。
toastmaster:n.宴会主持人,祝酒提议人,致祝酒词者
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版:toast 词源,toast 含义。
toast是从古法语动词toster(烘、烤)来的,这个词又是从拉丁语torrere、tostum(烧、烘、烤)来的。Toast可作名词“烤面包”,也可作动词“烘”、“烤”,仍保留了拉丁语,法语的原义。
另外,toast一词还可作“祝酒”“干杯”等解。这种用法来自于莎士比亚时代的一种普遍的习惯。当时人们喜爱在某种酒里、特别是葡萄酒或啤酒里泡一块加了香料的或烤焦的面包,因此,直到今天我们仍说to drink a toast,其字面意思是“喝完一杯泡有烤面包的酒”,后来转义为“干杯”或“为……举怀祝酒”,甚至转指“受祝酒的人”、“受到高度敬仰的人”,如the toast of the town(城里最受敬仰的人)。
toast:烤面包片,祝酒,受祝酒的人
toast 一词源自拉丁语 tostus (烤过的)。在英语中“烤面包(片)”作toast,“祝酒”也作 toast。这两者之间有无联系呢?旧时,在英国流行一种习俗:人们饮酒时,常爱把一块放有香料的烤面包片(a piece of spiced toast)加入酒中,据说这样可酒味更美。该习俗在莎士比亚时代尤为风行,所以我们今天有 to drink a toast 的说法。
据传,昔日英国人还认为受祝酒的人的名字,尤其是自己所爱慕女人的芳名,也会像烤面包片那样使酒变得芳香甜美。这种看法可能起源于爱尔兰散文作家、评论家、剧作家斯梯尔(Richard Steel,1672-1729)在他主办的单张小品期刊《闲谈者》(The Tatler)第24期(1709年6月4日)上发表的一篇轶闻趣事,内容大意如下:查理二世在位时,一位有名的美男妇人在巴思温泉(Bath)休养。有个追求她的人为了向她献殷勤,从她站着的温泉水中舀了一杯水,当众为她的健康干杯。他在旁的一个唱半醉的朋友说,他本人倒不喜欢那水,而是喜欢泡在其中的toast,也就是泡在水中的美人。从此以后,toast 一词既用以表示“祝酒”,也常引申为“受祝酒的人”。
toast:烤火,烤面包,面包,干杯,祝酒
来自 古法 语 toster, 烤火 , 烤 面包, -st, 过去 分词 格, 来 自拉 丁语 torrere, 燃烧 , 词 源同 torrid,terracotta.拼写比较 roast,roster.后引申词义干杯,祝酒,致辞等,最初用于祝愿漂亮女 人或受欢迎的女人永远健康美丽,据说是来自中世纪流传的一个小故事,在英国著名的巴斯 温泉度假村,有一位美女在泡温泉,然后一个绅士(或假绅士真色狼)想去搭讪这个美女, 于是就想出了一个妙招,拿起一个杯子在美女沐浴过的水池里面舀了一杯水,然后说,您真 美丽,祝您永远健康,潜台词就是我是真的仰慕您的美丽,您的洗澡水都让我如此着迷,但 故事到此结束了。故事虽然美丽,但实际情况更可能是来自面包的比喻义,因这种面包当时 用于增加酒的香味,因此,举杯前说一段祝酒辞能更好的增加宴会的品味。
toast:烤火,烤面包,面包,干杯,祝酒
来自 古法 语 toster, 烤火 , 烤 面包, -st, 过去 分词 格, 来 自拉 丁语 torrere, 燃烧 , 词 源同 torrid,terracotta.拼写比较 roast,roster.后引申词义干杯,祝酒,致辞等,最初用于祝愿漂亮女 人或受欢迎的女人永远健康美丽,据说是来自中世纪流传的一个小故事,在英国著名的巴斯 温泉度假村,有一位美女在泡温泉,然后一个绅士(或假绅士真色狼)想去搭讪这个美女, 于是就想出了一个妙招,拿起一个杯子在美女沐浴过的水池里面舀了一杯水,然后说,您真 美丽,祝您永远健康,潜台词就是我是真的仰慕您的美丽,您的洗澡水都让我如此着迷,但 故事到此结束了。故事虽然美丽,但实际情况更可能是来自面包的比喻义,因这种面包当时 用于增加酒的香味,因此,举杯前说一段祝酒辞能更好的增加宴会的品味。