tide的词源
英文词源
- tide
- tide: [OE] Tide originally meant ‘time’ – as in the tautologous ‘time and tide wait for no man’. Like the related German zeit, Dutch tijd, and Swedish and Danish tid, all of which mean ‘time’, it comes from a prehistoric Germanic *tīdiz. This was derived from the base *tī- (source also of English time), which in turn went back to the Indo-European base *dī- ‘pide, cut up’ – so etymologically the word denotes ‘time cut up, portion of time’.
This notion of a ‘period’ or ‘season’ is preserved in now rather archaic expression such as Christmastide, Whitsuntide, and noontide. The application to the rise and fall of the sea, which emerged in the 14th century, is due to the influence of the related Middle Low German tīde and Middle Dutch ghetīde, where it presumably arose from the notion of the ‘fixed time’ of the high and low points of the tide. Betide [13] was formed from the now archaic verb tide ‘happen’, a derivative of the noun.
=> betide, tidy, time - tide (n.)
- Old English tid "point or portion of time, due time, period, season; feast-day, canonical hour," from Proto-Germanic *tidiz "pision of time" (cognates: Old Saxon tid, Dutch tijd, Old High German zit, German Zeit "time"), from PIE *di-ti- "pision, pision of time," suffixed form of root *da- "to pide, cut up" (cognates: Sanskrit dati "cuts, pides;" Greek demos "people, land," perhaps literally "pision of society," daiesthai "to pide;" Old Irish dam "troop, company").
Meaning "rise and fall of the sea" (mid-14c.) probably is via notion of "fixed time," specifically "time of high water;" either a native evolution or from Middle Low German getide (compare Middle Dutch tijd, Dutch tij, German Gezeiten "flood tide, tide of the sea"). Old English seems to have had no specific word for this, using flod and ebba to refer to the rise and fall. Old English heahtid "high tide" meant "festival, high day." - tide (v.)
- "to carry (as the tide does)," 1620s, from tide (n.). Usually with over. Earlier it meant "to happen" (Old English; see tidings). Related: Tided; tiding.
中文词源
英语中有句颜语 Time and tide wait for no man. （岁月不待人。）语中的tide 与time意思几乎相同，都指“时间”。其实这是tide 的原始词义，在古英语就已见诸使用，如今已经废弃不用，但仍残留于一些复合词，如 eventide（黄昏），noontide（正午），Yuletide（=Yuletime,圣诞节），Christmastide （=Christmastime,圣诞节期），Eastertide（复活节周），Whitsuntide（=Whitsun,圣灵降临周）等，这些词或属诗歌语言，或为罕用书面语。tide的今义“潮水”始用于14世纪，是从“时间”一义引申的，这是因为潮涨潮落有定时的缘故。嗣后，tide又进而喻指“潮流”或“趋向”。
英语另一常用词tidy究其根源是从tide 一词派生的，由tide加后缀-y构成，故早在13世纪时是timely（及时的，适时的）的意思，直到18世纪才用以表示“整洁的”，“整齐的”，到了19世纪又被赋予“相当大的”或“相当好的”一义。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：tide 词源，tide 含义。
tide：时节，季节，潮汐，潮水
来自古英语 tid,一段时间，时期，时节，来自 Proto-Germanic*tidiz,一段时间，来自 PIE*di-ti, 分开，切分，扩大格于 PIE*da-,分开，切开，词源同 time,deal.后用于指潮汐，潮水，因潮涨 潮落的规律而引申该词义。
tide：时节，季节，潮汐，潮水
来自古英语 tid,一段时间，时期，时节，来自 Proto-Germanic*tidiz,一段时间，来自 PIE*di-ti, 分开，切分，扩大格于 PIE*da-,分开，切开，词源同 time,deal.后用于指潮汐，潮水，因潮涨 潮落的规律而引申该词义。
