tank的词源

英文词源

tank

tank: [17] Tank ‘water-storage container’ originated in India, where it denoted a ‘pond’. It was borrowed from a local word, such as Gujarati tānkh or Marathi tānken ‘pond, cistern’. These in turn probably went back to Sanskrit tadāga ‘pond, lake’, which was of Dravidian origin. The word was applied as a secret code name to the new armoured vehicle at the end of 1915, supposedly because it was thought to resemble a benzene tank.

tank (n.)

1610s, "pool or lake for irrigation or drinking water," a word originally brought by the Portuguese from India, from a Hindi source, such as Gujarati tankh "cistern, underground reservoir for water," Marathi tanken, or tanka "reservoir of water, tank." Perhaps ultimately from Sanskrit tadaga-m "pond, lake pool," and reinforced in later sense of "large artificial container for liquid" (1680s) by Portuguese tanque "reservoir," from estancar "hold back a current of water," from Vulgar Latin *stanticare (see stanch). But other sources say the Portuguese word is the source of the Indian ones. Meaning "fuel container" is recorded from 1902. Slang meaning "detention cell" is from 1912. Railroad tank-car is from 1874.

In military use, "armored, gun-mounted vehicle moving on continuous articulated tracks," the word originated late 1915. In "Tanks in the Great War" [1920], Brevet Col. J.F.C. Fuller quotes a memorandum of the Committee of Imperial Defence dated Dec. 24, 1915, recommending the proposed "caterpillar machine-gun destroyer" machines be entrusted to an organization "which, for secrecy, shall be called the 'Tank Supply Committee,' ..." In a footnote, Fuller writes, "This is the first appearance of the word 'tank' in the history of the machine." He writes that "cistern" and "reservoir" also were put forth as possible cover names, "all of which were applicable to the steel-like structure of the machines in the early stages of manufacture. Because it was less clumsy and monosyllabic, the name 'tank' was decided on." They were first used in action at Pozieres ridge, on the Western Front, Sept. 15, 1916, and the name was quickly picked up by the soldiers. Tank-trap attested from 1920.

tank (v.)

1900, "to put into a tank," from tank (n.). Meaning "to lose or fail" attested from 1976, originally in tennis jargon, specifically in an interview with Billie Jean King in "Life" magazine, Sept. 22, 1967:

"When our men don't feel like trying," she says, "They 'tank' [give up]. I never tanked a match in my life and I never saw a girl do it. The men do it all the time in minor tournaments when they don't feel like hustling. You have to be horribly competitive to win in big-time tennis."

Sometimes said to be from boxing, in some sense, perhaps from the notion of "taking a pe," but evidence for this is wanting. Related: Tanked; tanking. Adjective tanked "drunk" is from 1893.

中文词源

tank：坦克

该词源自印度古吉拉特（Gujarat）地区方言中的tankh 一词。它最初原作 tanque，始于1616年一段有关印度之行的报道：“Besides their rivers they have many ponds which they call tanques.”（除了河流之外，还有许多他们称之为tanque的池塘。）其实，在印度各种方言中与之相关的词均有“池塘”、“蓄水池”、“水库”等义。因此tank 进入英语之后，多指盛液体或气体的“罐”、“箱”、“柜”等容器，在印度英语和巴基斯坦英语中 tank至今仍保留上述原始词义。tank 在现代军事上意指“坦克”是偶然事件造成的。

第一次世界大战期间，英语在秘密制造第一批坦克时，为了暂保住这一秘密，在机密文件中使用了tank一词作为该新式武器的代称（code name），因为它形似苯罐（benzene tank）。据传，是丘吉尔（Sir Winston Churchill,1874-1965）在1915年最薄先这样使用的。在运往法国时，装坦克的板条箱也标上TANK 的字样，以免引起敌人耳目的注意。此一安全措施果然奏效，德国人误以为运往前线的只是water-tank（水罐车）。这批坦克被投用于1916年的索姆河战役（the Battle of the Somme）。然而这种新式武器却没有起到预期的作用，英法联军的进攻只是迫使德国人的战线往后推移了一些，而双方都付出了高昂的代价，这是现代战争史上首次使用这一武器。武器的主要发明者斯温顿爵士（Sir Ernest Swinton）建议以tank作为其正式改属名，该词便这样沿用了下来。汉语“坦克”是从英语音译过来的。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：tank 词源，tank 含义。

tank：水箱，壶，罐，坦克

来自葡萄牙语 tanque,水箱，容器，借自印度语，如印度总理莫迪所在邦古吉拉特语 tankh, 水箱，畜水池，最终可能来自梵语 tadaga,池塘。现主要词义军事坦克来自一战时英国人发 明该重型装甲武器后为出其不意给德军重创，从而以“Tank”作掩护而得名。

tank：水箱，壶，罐，坦克

来自葡萄牙语 tanque,水箱，容器，借自印度语，如印度总理莫迪所在邦古吉拉特语 tankh, 水箱，畜水池，最终可能来自梵语 tadaga,池塘。现主要词义军事坦克来自一战时英国人发 明该重型装甲武器后为出其不意给德军重创，从而以”Tank”作掩护而得名。

tank（坦克）：首台坦克研制期间的代号

第一次世界大战期间，机枪之类的自动速射武器已经大量应用。战场上堑壕纵横，碉堡林立，由机枪构成的强大阵地防御火力体系对进攻方造成了强大的人员伤亡。1914年，英国远征军的随军记者斯文顿上校在战场上亲眼目睹了一排排英国士兵被德国机枪扫倒的惨状。回国后，他向英国国防部提交了研制具有强大防护能力的越野战车的建议。然而，当时的英国陆军大臣吉齐纳对此建议不感冒，反而是海军大臣温斯顿•丘吉尔对此表示支持，并成立委员会，开始这种新型战车的研制。为了保密，研发人员对工人谎称研制的是一种储水装置，并曾提出过cistern（水箱）、reservoir（蓄水池）等名称，但最终人们还是采用了发音响亮的tank（水槽）一词作为它的代号。从此以后，tank一词就成为了这种新型战车的正式名称，在中文中音译为“坦克”。

tank：[tæŋk] n.坦克，水槽，油罐