tally的词源
英文词源
- tally (n.)
- mid-15c., "stick marked with notches to indicate amount owed or paid," from Anglo-French tallie (early 14c., Old French taille "notch in a piece of wood signifying a debt"), Anglo-Latin talea (late 12c.), from Medieval Latin tallia, from Latin talea "a cutting, rod, stick" (see tailor (n.), and compare sense history of score). Meaning "a thing that matches another" first recorded 1650s, from practice of splitting a tally lengthwise across the notches, debtor and creditor each retaining one of the halves; the usual method of keeping accounts before writing became general (the size of the notches varied with the amount). Sports sense of "a total score" is from 1856. Also in 19c. British provincial verbal expression live tally, make a tally bargain "live as husband and wife without marrying."
- tally (v.)
- mid-15c., "keep an account by tally," from Medieval Latin talliare "to tax," from tallia (see tally (n.)). Meaning "correspond, agree" is from 1705; sports sense of "to score" is from 1867. Related: Tallied; tallying. Hence tally-sheet (1889); tallyman "one who keeps account (of anything)" (1857).
中文词源
tally 昔时原指“计数筹”，中世纪时英国长期使用的一种计数工具。它是一个狭长的木签，上有刻痕表示数额，整个木签从中（即通过刻痕）被劈成相耦合的两半，借贷双方或交易双方各执一半作为凭证，以后若有争执就可验看两半是否吻合（made a tally）。自威廉一世时代起，tally 就一直被英国财政部用来作为记账的工具。到了17世纪这种花钱多而又不方便的记账方式遭到猛烈抨击。据说有的tally长达8英尺，但直到1834年英国财政部才把它废除。在贵族院内的暖气炉焚烧tallies 时，由于暖气管过热引起了一场大火，竟然把整座议会大厦也给焚毁了。
tally源于拉丁词tallia（枝条），在经历了数百年之后，由原义“计数筹”产生出了若干引申义，其词类也发生了转化。在当代英语中tally通常多作动词用，意为“计算”、“符合”或“吻合”。对于知道tally的历史的人来讲，这一演变是很容易理解的。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：tally 词源，tally 含义。
来自古法语 taille,木头上的刻痕，来自拉丁语 talea,砍，切，小枝，词源同 tailor,retail.引申词 义记录，积分表等，词义一致来自古代的一种借贷方法，把一块记录有欠债的小木条从中劈 成两半，债务人和债权人各持一半，以做为还款凭证。比较 indenture,契约，合同。
