taboo的词源
英文词源
- taboo (adj.)
- also tabu, 1777 (in Cook's "A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean"), "consecrated, inviolable, forbidden, unclean or cursed," explained in some English sources as being from Tongan (Polynesian language of the island of Tonga) ta-bu "sacred," from ta "mark" + bu "especially." But this may be folk etymology, as linguists in the Pacific have reconstructed an irreducable Proto-Polynesian *tapu, from Proto-Oceanic *tabu "sacred, forbidden" (compare Hawaiian kapu "taboo, prohibition, sacred, holy, consecrated;" Tahitian tapu "restriction, sacred;" Maori tapu "be under ritual restriction, prohibited"). The noun and verb are English innovations first recorded in Cook's book.
中文词源
1777年英国航海家库克船长(Captain James Cook,1728-1779)在南太平洋上探险,来到了汤加群岛。他发现岛上习俗奇特,禁忌甚多,例如某些东西不许随便使用,某些地方和人不可随便接近,某些名字和词语是绝对避讳的。岛上居民统称这种现象为tabu。实际上,在汤加语(Tongan),即被玻利尼西亚语(Polynesian)中,tabu原意为“神圣的”,并不直接表示“禁忌”。此类同宗教迷信或社会习俗有关的tabu并非汤加群岛上的玻利尼西亚人所特有,它也存在于其他一些原始民族的文化中。据说,后来库克在夏威夷正是因为犯了 tabu 而遭到当在人杀害的。tabu 进入了许多语言之中,是一个国际性词语,如法语作 tabu ,德语作Tabu,西班牙语作 tabu,印尼语作 tabu ,汉语有时音译为“塔布”,等等。英语除在人类学中拼为tabu,一般多作 taboo,用以表示“禁忌”或“禁忌语”既作名词用,也可以作动词或形容词用。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版:taboo 词源,taboo 含义。
由英国 18 世纪著名航海家库克船长带入英国,来自太平洋小岛某土著语言 ta-bu,神圣的。
由英国 18 世纪著名航海家库克船长带入英国,来自太平洋小岛某土著语言 ta-bu,神圣的。