spruce的词源
英文词源
- spruce
- spruce: Spruce ‘neat’ [16] and spruce the tree [17] are completely different words, of course, but they could have a common origin – in Spruce, the old English name for Prussia. Spruce the tree was originally the spruce fir, literally the ‘Prussian fir’. And it is thought that the adjective spruce may have come from the expression spruce leather ‘Prussian leather’, which denoted a particularly fine sort of leather, used for making jackets. The word itself is an unexplained alteration of Pruce ‘Prussia’, which was acquired via Old French from medieval Latin Prussia.
=> prussia - spruce (n.)
- 1660s, "evergreen tree, fir," from spruse (adj.) "made of spruce wood" (early 15c.), literally "from Prussia," from Spruce, Sprws (late 14c.), unexplained alterations of Pruce "Prussia," from an Old French form of Prussia.
Spruce seems to have been a generic term for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (especially beer, boards and wooden chests, and leather), and the tree thus was believed to be particular to Prussia, which for a time was figurative in England as a land of luxuries. Compare spruce (adj.).
As a distinct species of evergreen tree from 1731. Nearly all pines have long, soft needles growing in groups of two (Scotch) to five (white); spruce and fir needles grow singly. Spruce needles are squarish and sharp; fir needles are short and flat. Cones of the fir stand upright; cones of a spruce hang before falling. - spruce (v.)
- "to make trim or neat," 1590s, from spruce (adj.). Related: Spruced; sprucing.
- spruce (adj.)
- "neat, smart in dress and appearance, dapper, brisk," 1580s, from spruce leather (mid-15c.; see spruce (n.)), a type of leather imported from Prussia in the 1400s and 1500s which was used in England to make a popular style of jerkin that was considered smart-looking.
中文词源
spruce（整洁的）：以高档整洁著称的普鲁士商品
在中世纪时，英国人将德国的普鲁士（Prussia）称为Pruce。后来不知何故，拼写变为Spruce。欧洲汉莎联盟商人曾经将普鲁士出产的啤酒、木质家具、皮革等商品大量出口至英国。这些商品在当时都制作精美、风格简练，被英国人看作是高档商品。尤其是在16世纪，英国人特别喜欢由普鲁士出产的皮革所制成的一种男士无袖短上衣，认为这种装束显得特别整洁干练。因此，原本表示商品产地的单词spruce就产生了“整洁的、简练的”等含义。作名词时，表示普鲁士特有的云杉，这种树四季常青，挺拔整洁。
spruce：[spruːs] adj.整洁的，简练的，利索的v.打扮整齐，使显得干净利落n.云杉
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：spruce 词源，spruce 含义。
亨利八世时代（1509 - 1547）的廷臣都喜欢普鲁士贵族的服饰，头上戴着有鲜艳羽饰的宽边帽，颈上戴着银项链，身穿缎斗篷和红丝绒紧宥上衣。在中世纪时期任何来自普鲁士的东西英语均谓之Pruce。Pruce源自古法语，即Prussia（普鲁士）之意。到了16世纪不知为什么在Pruce前面被加了个字母s，Pruce变成了Spruceo最初Spruce原仅用于Spruce leather（自普鲁士进口的皮革）和Spruce fir（云杉）这两个词组，因为它们都原产于普鲁士。后来普鲁士款式的服饰人们也以Spruce 一词来形容了。因此，没过多久Spruce即被赋予了“整洁漂亮的”一义，首字母也由大写变为小写，起初只用作形容词，“后也用作动词，并常和副词up连用，作spruce up，表示“（把…）打扮得整洁漂亮”。
spruce：云杉，云杉木，装饰，打扮
来自 Spruce,拼写变体自 Pruce,普鲁士，欧洲历史地名，德意志境内最强大的邦国，后统一了 德意志。该树因从普鲁士进口到英国而得名，是制作家具的优质木材，也是奢华的代名词。 因此，引申词义装饰，打扮。
