sport的词源
英文词源
- sport
- sport: [14] Sport is short for disport [14]. This came from Anglo-Norman desporter ‘carry away’, hence ‘pert’, a compound verb formed from the prefix des- ‘apart’ and porter ‘carry’. The noun originally meant ‘amusement, recreation’, and it was not used in its main modern sense ‘athletic contests’ until the mid 19th century.
=> disport, port, portable - sport (v.)
- c. 1400, "to take pleasure, to amuse oneself," from Old French desporter, deporter "to pert, amuse, please, play" (see disport). Restricted sense of "amuse oneself by active exercise in open air or taking part in some game" is from late 15c. Meaning "to wear" is from 1778. Related: Sported; sporting.
- sport (n.)
- early 15c., "pleasant pastime," shortening of disport "activity that offers amusement or relaxation; entertainment, fun" (c. 1300), also "a pastime or game; flirtation; pleasure taken in such activity" (late 14c.), from Anglo-French disport, Old French desport, deport "pleasure, enjoyment, delight; solace, consolation; favor, privilege," related to desporter, deporter "to pert, amuse, please, play" (see sport (v.)).
Original sense preserved in phrases such as in sport "in jest" (mid-15c.). Meaning "game involving physical exercise" first recorded 1520s. Sense of "stylish man" is from 1861, American English, probably because they lived by gambling and betting on races. Meaning "good fellow" is attested from 1881 (as in be a sport, 1913). Sport as a familiar form of address to a man is from 1935, Australian English. The sport of kings was originally (1660s) war-making. Other, lost senses of Middle English disport were "consolation, solace; a source of comfort."
中文词源
sport这个词是disport的简写。Disport的意思是“娱乐”、“嬉戏”、“消遣”等。这个词还要追溯到拉丁语去，dis即des，意即“away”，porto. “carry”；合起来则是carry away（转移开），即“从工作中转移开去”，这恰好是sport的目的。
既然是“从工作中转移开”，于是sport曾一度所指范转很广，甚至包括打牌、集邮、放风筝、散步、日光浴等。至今仍有“玩笑”、“玩物”的含义。不过在现代sport常指运动员进行比赛的项目。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sport 词源，sport 含义。
14世纪时该词原作 disport，就是说sport 是由disport 缩略而来。disport 系由拉丁语成分des- 'away'和porter 'carry'组成，所以原来含有 amusement 或 recreation（娱乐，消遗）之义。sport 的现代词义“运动”、“体育活动”是直到19世纪中斯才用起来的。
词根词缀： s(dis-)分离,分开 + -port-运输,携带
sport：嬉戏，玩乐，运动，穿戴，炫耀
缩写自 disport,嬉戏，消遣，玩乐，来自 dis-,离开，-port,承担，担负，词源同 comport,porter. 后词义限定为体育运动。引申比喻义穿戴，炫耀，即抖擞精神。
