soldier的词源
英文词源
- soldier
- soldier: [13] The etymological idea underlying the word soldier is the ‘pay’ received by mercenary soldiers. It was borrowed from Old French soudier or soldier, a derivative of soulde ‘pay’. This in turn went back to Latin solidus, a term used for an ancient Roman gold coin; it was short for nummus solidus, literally ‘solid coin’.
=> solid - soldier (n.)
- c. 1300, souder, from Old French soudier, soldier "one who serves in the army for pay," from Medieval Latin soldarius "a soldier" (source also of Spanish soldado, Italian soldato), literally "one having pay," from Late Latin soldum, extended sense of accusative of Latin solidus, name of a Roman gold coin (see solidus).
The -l- has been regular in English since mid-14c., in imitation of Latin. Willie and Joe always say sojer in the Bill Mauldin cartoons, and this seems to mirror 16c.-17c. spellings sojar, soger, sojour. Modern French soldat is borrowed from Italian and displaced the older French word; one of many military (and other) terms picked up during the Italian Wars in early 16c.; such as alert, arsenal, colonel, infantrie, sentinel.
Old slang names for military men circa early 19c. include mud-crusher "infantryman," cat-shooter "volunteer," fly-slicer "cavalryman," jolly gravel-grinder "marine." - soldier (v.)
- "to serve as a soldier," 1640s, from soldier (n.). Related: Soldiered; soldiering. To soldier on "persist doggedly" is attested from 1954.
中文词源
soldier（军人）：古罗马领取军饷的职业军人
公元前2世纪末，古罗马共和国执政官盖乌斯·马略实行军事改革，将公民兵制改为募兵制，招募以前无权参军的贫苦公民到军中服役，并提高薪饷，延长服役期限。从此，城乡大批无业游民加入军队，成为脱离社会生产的职业军人。在拉丁语中，这种按月领饷的职业军人被称为soldarius，源自一种古罗马金币的名称solidus，字面意思就是“可以领取solidus的人”。这就是英语单词soldier（军人）的来源。
soldier：['səʊldʒə] n.军人，士兵vi.当兵
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：soldier 词源，soldier 含义。
来源于拉丁语nummus solidus(实心金币)的缩写形式solidus,在古法语中为soldier(付账)。
词根词缀： -sol-坚固 + -id形容词词尾 + -ier名词词尾,人或物
来自古法语 soldier,来自拉丁语 soldarius,战士，领军饷者，来自 solidus,古罗马金币，词源同 solid,完整的，纯的，纯金的。
