skeptic的词源

英文词源

skeptic (n.): also sceptic, 1580s, "member of an ancient Greek school that doubted the possibility of real knowledge," from Middle French sceptique and directly from Latin scepticus "the sect of the Skeptics," from Greek skeptikos (plural Skeptikoi "the Skeptics, followers of Pyrrho"), noun use of adjective meaning "inquiring, reflective" (the name taken by the disciples of the Greek philosopher Pyrrho, who lived c. 360-c. 270 B.C.E.), related to skeptesthai "to reflect, look, view" (see scope (n.1)).
Skeptic does not mean him who doubts, but him who investigates or researches as opposed to him who asserts and thinks that he has found. [Miguel de Unamuno, "Essays and Soliloquies," 1924]
The extended sense of "one with a doubting attitude" first recorded 1610s. The sk- spelling is an early 17c. Greek revival and is preferred in U.S. As a verb, scepticize (1690s) failed to catch on.

公元前二、三百年前，在古希腊的一名哲学家皮洛（Pyrrho）开创了一门新的哲学学派。皮洛主张人的感知是不可靠的，人们无法据此获得真理。因此，他主张超然物外，对一切事物都保持淡定，不要轻易做出判断。他的口号是：“不做任何决定，悬搁判断。”

据拉尔修写的传记，皮洛不关心任何事物，也不避免任何事物，对车祸、摔倒、被狗咬之类的危险无动于衷。有一次，他的朋友跌入泥坑，他径直走过，没有出手相助。又有一次在海上遇到风浪，别人都惊慌失措，他却若无其事，指着船上一头正在吃食的猪说，这才是人应有的不动心的状态。

皮洛的门徒们自称为Skeptikoi，该词来自希腊语skeptesthai（察看、深思），词根skep=scop、spec（察看）。因此 Skeptikoi可以理解为“仔细察看的人。”英语单词skeptic（怀疑论者）就来源于此，用来表示对事物保持质疑态度的人，尤其是对宗教信仰持有质疑态度的人。

skeptic：['skɛptɪk] n.怀疑论者，无神论者

skeptical：['skɛptɪkl] adj.怀疑的，怀疑论的，不可知论的

skepticism：['skɛptɪ,sɪzəm] n.怀疑论，怀疑的态度

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：skeptic 词源，skeptic 含义。

来自拉丁语 scepticus,怀疑学派，字面意思即 the sect of Skeptics,古希腊时期的一个学术派别，来自希腊语 skeptikos,怀疑的，思考的，来自 skeptesthai,看，思考，词源同 scope,telescope. 引申词义怀疑论者，怀疑者。