shrewd的词源
英文词源
- shrewd
- shrewd: [14] Shrewd originally meant ‘wicked, dangerous’. Its modern sense ‘astute’ did not develop (via a less approbatory ‘cunning’) until the 16th century. It was derived from shrew ‘wicked man’ (a sense now obsolete). This is generally assumed to be the same noun as shrew the animal-name [OE], a word of uncertain origin. Shrews were formerly thought to have a poisonous bite, and were held in superstitious fear – hence the term’s metaphorical application. The move from ‘wicked man’ via ‘bad-tempered abusive complainer’ to ‘nagging woman’ began in the 14th century.
=> shrew - shrewd (adj.)
- c. 1300, "wicked, evil," from shrewe "wicked man" (see shrew). Compare crabbed from crab (n.), dogged from dog (n.), wicked from witch (n.). The sense of "cunning" is first recorded 1510s. Related: Shrewdly; shrewdness. Strutt's "Sports and Pastimes of the People of England" (1801) has a shrewdness of apes for a company or group of them. Shrewdie "cunning person" is from 1916.
中文词源
我们常常以shrew 一词辱骂一个女人，却以另一词shrewd恭维一个男人。shrew意指“泼妇”或“悍妇”，而shrewd则表示“精明的”、“机灵的”。这两者的词形仅一个字母之差，但其词义却一贬一褒。其实在语源上它们之间存在着密切的亲缘关系。shrew原指一种形似鼠的小动物，汉语叫“鼩鼱”。该动物生性凶狠好斗，常为一点食物自相残杀，而且胜者还将败者吃掉，所以shrew也被用来喻指“恶人”，尤指“悍妇”，如莎士比亚的喜剧The Taming ofthe Shrew（《驯悍记》）。后来，shrew也被用作动词，作“辱骂”或“咒骂”等义解，其过去分词形式shrewed则作形容词用，含“坏心眼的”、“凶狠的”等义，是个地地道道的贬义词。但最后其词形演变为shrewd，词义也经历了由贬而褒的变化过程。如今我们尚可从保留下来的以下几个固定搭配中看到shrewd早先的贬义特征：a shrewd blow（狠狠的一击），a shrewd wind（凛冽的寒风），a shrewd pain（剧痛）。可见，shrewd是从shrew衍化出来的。shrew在古英语原作screawa，在中世纪英语作schrewe。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：shrewd 词源，shrewd 含义。
shrewd：精明的，机灵的，精于盘算的
来自 shrew,鼩鼱。即像鼩鼱一样的，后词义褒义化。
