shire的词源

英文词源

shire

shire: [OE] The original meaning of shire, which did not survive beyond the Old English period, was ‘official charge, administrative office’, and it has been suggested that the word is related ultimately to Latin cūra ‘care, charge’ (source of English curate, cure, etc). Already by the 9th century it was being used for an ‘administrative area ruled by a governor’, and over the next hundred years the application to what is now known as a county emerged. (County itself was introduced in the 14th century, and gradually ousted shire.) Sheriff is a compound based on shire.
=> sheriff

shire (n.)

Old English scir "administrative office, jurisdiction, stewardship, authority," also in particular use "district, province, country," from Proto-Germanic *skizo (cognates: Old High German scira "care, official charge"). Ousted since 14c. by Anglo-French county. The gentrified sense is from The Shires (1796), used by people in other parts of England of those counties that end in -shire; sense transferred to "hunting country of the Midlands" (1860).

中文词源

shire：郡

古英语时代英国的行政区域叫shire，代表国王在这个shire行使主权的官员叫shire reeve，组合到一起就是sheriff ['ʃerɪf] n.州长；郡治安官；执行吏。1066年诺曼征服后，说法语的诺曼人将自己county ['kaʊntɪ] n.郡；县的制度带入英国，但英国还是有不少带有-shire的地名，如：Oxfordshire（牛津郡，英国英格兰南部郡，首府牛津市）、Yorkshire（约克郡，英国旧郡，现被分成三个郡：North Yorkshire 北约克郡、South Yorkshire 南约克郡、West Yorkshire 西约克郡）。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：shire 词源，shire 含义。

shire：郡

来自古英语 scir,区域，郡，县，司法管辖区，来自 Proto-Germanic*skizo,可能来自 PIE*sker, 切，分开，词源同 share,shear.