sheriff的词源

英文词源

sheriff

sheriff: [OE] A sheriff is etymologically a ‘shirereeve’ – that is, a ‘county official’. The term was compounded in the Old English period from scīr, ancestor of modern English shire, and gerēfa ‘local official’, a word based on *rōf ‘assembly’ which survives as the historical term reeve. It was used for the ‘monarch’s representative in a county’.
=> reeve, shire

sheriff (n.)

late Old English scirgerefa "representative of royal authority in a shire," from scir (see shire) + gerefa "chief, official, reeve" (see reeve). As an American county official, attested from 1660s; sheriff's sale first recorded 1798. Sheriff's tooth (late 14c.) was a common name for the annual tax levied to pay for the sheriff's victuals during court sessions.

中文词源

sheriff：郡督，治安官

来自古英语 scirgerefa,王室在郡设置的官员，郡督，来自 scir,郡，词源同 shire,gerefa,首领， 词源同 reeve,管家，长官，城镇治安官。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sheriff 词源，sheriff 含义。

sheriff（警长）：国王派驻郡县的长官

在古代中国，最小的政府官员是九品芝麻官一一县令。在古代英国，与县令相当的官职 是 sheriff (郡长）。这个词在古英语中写作 scirgerefa,由 scir (=shire，郡）+gerefa (=reeve， 长官）组成，字面意思就是“郡长”（shire reeve)。sheriff由国王任命，代表王室治理一郡， 其核心职责是当地的治安和司法，因此sheriff也往往被翻译为“警长”。