satire的词源
英文词源
- satire
- satire: [16] A satire is etymologically a ‘verse medley’, an ‘assortment of pieces on various subjects’. The word comes via Old French satire from Latin satira ‘mixture’, an alteration of an earlier satura. This is said to have been derived from satus ‘full’ (a relative of satis ‘enough’, source of English satisfy), and the link in the semantic chain from ‘full’ to ‘mixture’ is ‘plateful of assorted fruit’, the earliest recorded meaning of satura.
By classical times, Latin satira had moved on from being a general literary miscellany to its now familiar role as a ‘literary work ridiculing or denouncing people’s follies or vices’. The word has no etymological connection, incidentally, with satyr ‘Greek woodland god’ [14], which comes ultimately from Greek sáturos, a word of unknown origin.
- satire (n.)
- late 14c., "work intended to ridicule vice or folly," from Middle French satire (14c.) and directly from Latin satira "satire, poetic medley," earlier satura, in lanx satura "mixed dish, dish filled with various kinds of fruit," literally "full dish," from fem. of satur "sated" (see saturate).
First used in the literary sense in Latin in reference to a collection of poems in various meters on a variety of subjects by the late republican Roman poet Ennius. The matter of the little that survives of his verse does not seem to be particularly satiric, but in classical Latin the word came to mean especially a poem which assailed the prevailing vices, one after another. Altered in Latin by influence of Greek satyr, on mistaken notion that the literary form is related to the Greek satyr drama (see satyr).Satire, n. An obsolete kind of literary composition in which the vices and follies of the author's enemies were expounded with imperfect tenderness. In this country satire never had more than a sickly and uncertain existence, for the soul of it is wit, wherein we are dolefully deficient, the humor that we mistake for it, like all humor, being tolerant and sympathetic. Moreover, although Americans are 'endowed by their Creator' with abundant vice and folly, it is not generally known that these are reprehensible qualities, wherefore the satirist is popularly regarded as a sour-spirited knave, and his every victim's outcry for codefendants evokes a national assent. [Ambrose Bierce, "Devil's Dictionary," 1911]
Proper satire is distinguished, by the generality of the reflections, from a lampoon which is aimed against a particular person, but they are too frequently confounded. [Johnson]
[I]n whatever department of human expression, wherever there is objective truth there is satire [Wyndham Lewis, "Rude Assignment," 1950]
For nuances of usage, see humor (n.). - satire (v.)
- 1905, from satire (n.). Related: Satired; satiring.
中文词源
该词直接借自怯语satire，但却是源于拉丁语satura。古罗马人用该拉丁词指杂烩，尤指用来祭神的“什锦水果色拉”。后来由于satura 一度被误认为和希腊神话里的森林之神Satyr有关系，词形就逐渐变为satira，词义也发生了演变，开始用以喻指“（汇集各种题材的作品于一卷的）诗文杂集”( miscellany)，再往后又转指“（鞭鞑愚昧和恶习的）讽刺杂咏”，16世纪satire在英语出现时，就用于此义，但现多用班表示“讽刺”或“讽刺作品”。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：satire 词源，satire 含义。
来自拉丁语 satira,讽刺作品，混杂诗，来自 lanx satura,满盘，杂盘，各种水果混在一起的盘 子，来自 lanx,盘子，词源同 balance,satura,满的，饱和的，阴性格于 satur,满的，饱和的，词 源同 saturate,使饱和。比喻用法，后词义通俗化为讽刺，讥讽。
