satellite的词源
英文词源
- satellite
- satellite: [16] Satellite comes via French satellite from Latin satelles ‘attendant, escort’, which itself probably went back to Etruscan satnal. Its use for a ‘body orbiting a planet’ is first recorded in English in 1665, and comes from the astronomer Johannes Kepler’s application of Latin satelles to the moons of Jupiter.
- satellite (n.)
- 1540s, "follower or attendant of a superior person," from Middle French satellite (14c.), from Latin satellitem (nominative satelles) "attendant, companion, courtier, accomplice, assistant," perhaps from Etruscan satnal (Klein), or a compound of roots *satro- "full, enough" + *leit- "to go" (Tucker); compare English follow, which is constructed of similar roots.
Meaning "planet that revolves about a larger one" first attested 1660s, in reference to the moons of Jupiter, from Latin satellites, which was used in this sense 1610s by German astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). Galileo, who had discovered them, called them Sidera Medicæa in honor of the Medici family. Meaning "man-made machinery orbiting the Earth" first recorded 1936 as theory, 1957 as fact. Meaning "country dependent and subservient to another" is recorded from 1800.
中文词源
在科学发达的当今世界人们对satellite 一词一般是不会感到陌生的，因为它在报刊上频频露面，在广播中和电视上时时让人感到它的存在。然而，对它的来源和过去就未必有很多人知晓丁。
satellite是直接从法语借来的，而法语词则源自拉丁语satelles‘attendant，guard’（侍从，侍卫）。16世纪时当它来到英语之时，也用于此义，但当时还不通用。直到18世纪中期约翰逊(Samuel Johnson，1709 - 1784)都还没有把它收录在他编的《英语辞典》(1755)中。satellite的词义在1 7世纪发生了变化。1611年德国天文学家开普勒（Johannes Kepler，1571- 1630）用拉丁词satetles的复数形式saiellites喻指刚发现不久的绕着木星运转的小天体即卫星，因为他认为这些卫星正像一直守候在重要人物周围的侍从和护卫。英语把这一新义借了过来。 1957年10月4日当苏联发射了第一颗人造卫星，satellite又很自然地被用以喻指“人造卫星”。此后，satellite的词义进一步引申为“卫星国”、“卫星城镇”、“卫星社区”等义。
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：satellite 词源，satellite 含义。
来自法语 satellite,侍卫，卫兵，来自拉丁语 satellites,侍卫，随从，可能来自古拉丁语*satro, 满的，足够的，*leit,走，引导，词源同 lead.词义演变比较 follow.引申词义卫星，人造卫星。
