sacrifice的词源
英文词源
- sacrifice (n.)
- late 13c., "offering of something (especially a life) to a deity as an act of propitiation or homage;" mid-14c., "that which is offered in sacrifice," from Old French sacrifise "sacrifice, offering" (12c.), from Latin sacrificium, from sacrificus "performing priestly functions or sacrifices," from sacra "sacred rites" (properly neuter plural of sacer "sacred;" see sacred) + root of facere "to do, perform" (see factitious).
Latin sacrificium is glossed in Old English by ansegdniss. Sense of "act of giving up one thing for another; something given up for the sake of another" is first recorded 1590s. Baseball sense first attested 1880. - sacrifice (v.)
- c. 1300, "to offer something (to a deity, as a sacrifice)," from sacrifice (n.). Meaning "surrender, give up, suffer to be lost" is from 1706. Related: Sacrificed; sacrificing. Agent noun forms include sacrificer, sacrificator (both 16c., the latter from Latin); and sacrificulist (17c.).
中文词源
单词sacrifice原本是个宗教术语，意思是为了向神灵表达敬意，向其贡献祭品，尤其是人或动物的生命。sacrifice由sacri和fice构成，sacri与sacred（神的）同源，fice与词根fact（做，从事）同源，所以sacrifice的字面意思就是“为神做的事”。
据《圣经》记载，上帝为了考验亚伯拉罕，要他用自己的独生子来献祭上帝。亚伯拉罕毫不犹豫地遵照上帝的旨意，带领独生子上山，将其绑在柴堆上，准备宰杀他献给上帝。上帝见亚伯拉罕的信仰坚定，便派出天使阻止他杀子，让他用山羊代替来献祭。
sacrifice原本仅仅用来表示给神的祭品，但现在一般用来表示为了正义、大众或他人利益而做出的牺牲。
sacrifice： ['sækrɪfaɪs] n.牺牲，祭品，供奉v.牺牲，献祭
该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：sacrifice 词源，sacrifice 含义。
词根词缀： -sacr-神圣的 + -i- + -fic-做,作 + -e → 使其(变得)神圣
sacrifice最为人们熟知的意思是“牺牲”，但是它的本意并非如此。sacrifice原本是指“使某物圣洁”（to make something holy)，源自于拉丁语sacer (相当于英语holy) 加上facere (相当于英语to make)。因此sacrifice就是指专供祭祀所用的“祭品”或“牲礼”。
后来，这个词汇也作为“贡献”、“捐弃”的意思。例如棒球术语“牺牲打”（sacrifice hit)，就是故意让自己出局而帮助跑垒队员的策略。
sacri-,神圣的，-fic,做，词源同 fact,benefice.引申诸相关词义。
