quick的词源

英文词源

quick

quick: [OE] Originally quick meant ‘alive’ (as in the now fossilized phrase the quick and the dead); it was not until the 13th century that the sense ‘rapid’ began to emerge. It goes back to a prehistoric Germanic *kwikwaz (which also produced Swedish kvick ‘rapid’); and this was descended from an Indo-European base *gwej-, which branched out into Latin vīvus ‘alive’ (source of English vivid), Greek bíos ‘life’ (source of English biology), Welsh byw ‘alive’, Russian zhivoj ‘alive’, etc.

The couch of couch grass [16] is a variant of the now seldom encountered quitch, whose Old English ancestor cwice may be related to quick (the allusion presumably being to its vigorous growth).
=> biology, vivid

quick (adj.)

Old English cwic "living, alive, animate," and figuratively, of mental qualities, "rapid, ready," from Proto-Germanic *kwikwaz (cognates: Old Saxon and Old Frisian quik, Old Norse kvikr "living, alive," Dutch kwik "lively, bright, sprightly," Old High German quec "lively," German keck "bold"), from PIE root *gweie- (1) "to live" (see bio-). Sense of "lively, swift" developed by late 12c., on notion of "full of life."

NE swift or the now more common fast may apply to rapid motion of any duration, while in quick (in accordance with its original sense of 'live, lively') there is a notion of 'sudden' or 'soon over.' We speak of a fast horse or runner in a race, a quick starter but not a quick horse. A somewhat similar feeling may distinguish NHG schnell and rasch or it may be more a matter of local preference. [Buck]

Of persons, "mentally active," from late 15c. Also in Middle English used of soft soils, gravel pits, etc. where the ground is shifting and yielding (mid-14c., compare quicksand). As an adverb from c. 1300. To be quick about something is from 1937. Quick buck is from 1946, American English. Quick-change artist (1886) originally was an actor expert in playing different roles in the same performance of a show. Quick-witted is from 1520s.

quick (n.)

"living persons," Old English cwic, from quick (adj.); frequently paired with the dead, as in Old English cwicum & deadum. The quick "tender part of the flesh" (under a nail, etc.) is from 1520s, as is the figurative use of it.

中文词源

quick：迅速的

当体说I am hurt to the quick(我的心被深深刺伤了)，你是在使用quick的原义，就如圣经中的一个短语the quick and the dead（生者与死者）的quick 一样。quick一词在古英语里拼作cwicu，原义是living／alive（活着的，活的），所以在从前livestock（牲畜）叫做quickstock。 mercury（水银）称quicksilver，因为它好像是有生命的；而hedge（树篱）叫做quick fence，有别于stone fence（石栏）和wooden fence（木栏），那是因为hedge会生长的缘故。quick lime是“生石灰”，quick wine是“冒泡闪亮的酒”，the quick则指“（有感觉的）活肉”，尤指“（指甲下的）嫩肉”。此外，quick的原义还反映在quick with child（感到胎动）一语中。

以后，quick的词义从living／alive逐渐转为lively（充满生气的，活泼的），到了13世纪才转为表示swift（迅速的）。这一变化过程是比较自然的，正如人们今天在口语中也常常用短语look alive／lively，step lively等叫人行动敏捷点一样。一般认为，早先列车员或公共汽车售票员常爱对乘客说“Step lively”或“Be quick”是促成这一词义变化的因素之

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：quick 词源，quick 含义。

quick：快速的，活的，有生命的

来自古英语cwic,活的，有生命的，来自PIE*gweie,存活，生命，词源同zoo,vival.引申词义 快速的，敏捷的。