posse的词源

英文词源

posse

posse: [17] Posse was the Latin verb for ‘be able’. It was a conflation of an earlier expression potis esse ‘be able’; and potis ‘able’ was descended from an Indo-European base *potthat also produced Sanskrit pati- ‘master, husband’ and Lithuanian patis ‘husband’. In medieval Latin posse came to be used as a noun meaning ‘power, force’.

It formed the basis of the expression posse comitātus, literally ‘force of the county’, denoting a body of men whom the sheriff of a county was empowered to raise for such purposes as suppressing a riot. The abbreviated form posse emerged at the end of the 17th century, but really came into its own in 18th- and 19th-century America.
=> possible, potent

posse (n.)

1640s (in Anglo-Latin from early 14c.), shortening of posse comitatus "the force of the county" (1620s, in Anglo-Latin from late 13c.), from Medieval Latin posse "body of men, power," from Latin posse "have power, be able" (see potent) + comitatus "of the county," genitive of Late Latin word for "court palace" (see comitatus). Modern slang meaning "small gang" is probably from Western movies.

中文词源

posse：一群，一伙

来自拉丁语posse,有权力，有能力，使能够，词源同possible,potent.后引申词义一群人，一帮土匪，受美国西部电影影响该词得以流行。

该词的英语词源请访问找单词词源英文版：posse 词源，posse 含义。

posse（一群）：中世纪的民防团

在警察出现之前的中世纪，郡县等地的司法和治安工作由国王派遣的sheriff（郡长、郡治安官）负责。sheriff往往会在当地召集一些市民组成民防团，来维护地方治安。这些民防团在拉丁语中就被称为posse comitatus（power of the county，郡县武装力量）。其中的posse表示力量、能力，与potent（强有力的）同源。拉丁语posse comitatus进入英语后，逐渐被简化为posse，词义也得到了泛化，除了表示民防团外，还可以表示各种各样的“一队人马”，如乐队或帮派。

posse：['pɑsi] n.民防团，地方武装力量；一队人