perfume的词源

英文词源

perfume

perfume: [16] The -fume of perfume is the same word as English fumes, but whereas fumes has gone downhill semantically, perfume has remained in the realms of pleasant odours. It comes from French parfum, a derivative of the verb parfumer. This was borrowed from early Italian parfumare, a compound formed from the prefix par- ‘through’ and fumare ‘smoke’, which denoted a ‘pervading by smoke’. When it first arrived in English, the semantic element ‘burning’ was still present, and perfume denoted the ‘fumes produced by burning a substance, such as incense’, but this gradually dropped out in favour of the more general ‘pleasant smell’.
=> fume

perfume (n.)

1530s, "fumes from a burning substance," from Middle French parfum (16c.), from parfumer "to scent," from Old Provençal perfumar or cognate words in dialectal Italian (perfumare) or Spanish (perfumar), from Latin per- "through" (see per) + fumare "to smoke" (see fume (n.)). Meaning "fluid containing agreeable essences of flowers, etc.," is attested from 1540s.

perfume (v.)

1530s, "to fill with smoke or vapor," from perfume (n.) or from Middle French parfumer. Meaning "to impart a sweet scent to" is from 1530s. Related: Perfumed; perfuming.

中文词源

perfume（香水）：用熏香的烟来熏病人的房间

在中世纪时期的欧洲，当有人死于传染病时，尸体被抬走后，人人往往会点燃某种香料，用其产生的带有香味的烟雾来熏病人的房间，以达到消毒和去除异味的作用。英语单词perfume的本意就是“用熏香的烟来熏病人的房间”，做名词时表示“用来消毒的烟”。它由per（through，彻底、弥漫）+fume（烟）构成，字面意思就是“用烟弥漫”或“弥漫的烟”。

后来，人们流行在身上喷洒具有芬芳气味的液体，即所谓的“香水”。由于香水的目的也是为了去除异味、清洁空气，所以香水所发出的香气以及用香水清洁空气的行为也被称为perfume。现在，香水本身也被称为perfume。

perfume：['pɜːfjuːm] n.香水，香味vt.喷香水于……，使……带香味vi.散发香气

fume：[fjuːm] n.烟，愤怒，烦恼vt.熏，冒烟，愤怒的说vi.冒烟，发怒

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：perfume 词源，perfume 含义。

perfume：香水

per-,完全的，fume,烟气，烟熏。其原义为烟熏消毒，后引申词义香水。