mission的词源
英文词源
- mission
- mission: [16] Mission, etymologically a ‘sending’, is the hub of a large family of English words that come from the Latin verb mittere ‘let go, send’ or its stem miss-. Most are prefixed forms – admit, commit, permit, promise, transmit, etc – but the unadorned verb is represented in mass ‘eucharist’, mess, missile [17] (literally ‘something capable of being sent’), mission itself and its derivative missionary [17], and missive [15] (‘something sent’).
The source of mittere is not known, but what does seem clear is that it originally meant ‘let go, throw’. This subsequently developed to ‘send’ and, in the post-classical period, to ‘put’ (hence French metre ‘put’).
=> admit, commit, mess, message, missile, missive, permit, promise, submit, transmit - mission (n.)
- 1590s, "a sending abroad," originally of Jesuits, from Latin missionem (nominative missio) "act of sending, a despatching; a release, a setting at liberty; discharge from service, dismissal," noun of action from past participle stem of mittere "to send," oldest form probably *smittere, of unknown origin.
Diplomatic sense of "body of persons sent to a foreign land on commercial or political business" is from 1620s. In American English, sometimes "an embassy" (1805). Meaning "dispatch of an aircraft on a military operation" (1929, American English) later extended to spacecraft flights (1962), hence, mission control (1964). As a style of furniture, said to be imitative of furniture in the buildings of original Spanish missions to North America, it is attested from 1900.
中文词源
来自拉丁语mittere,送出，词源同emit,commit,-ss,过去分词后缀。引申词义使命，使团。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：mission 词源，mission 含义。
词根词缀： -miss-送,派 + -ion名词词尾
mission（使命）：基督教耶稣会派遣传道士四处传播福音
16世纪时，随着美洲新大陆的发现和殖民活动，欧洲基督教的耶稣会大规模派遣传教士，漂洋过海到世界各地传播福音、建立基督教会和学校。耶稣会将这种派遣活动以及派出去的团队称为mission，它来自拉丁语missionem，是动词mittere的过去分词的名词形式，字面意思是“派遣”。因为这种派遣活动的目的是完成传播福音的使命，所以mission逐渐衍生出“使命”的含义。用来表示团队时，除了表示传教团队外，还可以表示其他各种去远处执行使命的团队，如外交团队、参加比赛或会议的代表团等。另外，接受mission的传教士自然就被称为missionary。
mission：['mɪʃən] n.使命，任务，代表团，传教vt.派遣，向……传教
missionary：['mɪʃənɛri] adj. 传教的；传教士的n. 传教士
