mess的词源

英文词源

mess

mess: [13] Mess comes via Old French mes from late Latin missus, a derivative of the verb mittere ‘send’ (source of English admit, mission, transmit, etc). This meant ‘sending, placement’, and its original metaphorical application was to a ‘round or heat of a contest’, but it was also used for a ‘course of a meal’, and this was the sense in which it originally entered English.

Traces of the food connection survive in the mess of pottage (literally a ‘dish of porridge or gruel’ made from lentils) for which Esau sold his birthright to Jacob, and in the sense ‘communal eating place’ (as in ‘sergeants’ mess’), which developed in the 16th century. But the main present-day meaning, ‘disorderly thing or condition’, did not emerge until as recently as the 19th century, apparently based on the notion of a mess as a ‘dish of assorted foodstuffs dumped unceremoniously and without thought on to a plate’.
=> admit, commit, mission, permit, transmit

mess (n.)

c. 1300, "food for one meal, pottage," from Old French mes "portion of food, course at dinner," from Late Latin missus "course at dinner," literally "a placing, a putting (on a table, etc.)," from past participle of mittere "to put, place," in classical Latin "to send, let go" (see mission).

Meaning "communal eating place" (especially a military one) is first attested 1530s, from earlier sense of "company of persons eating together" (early 15c.), originally a group of four. Sense of "mixed food," especially for animals, (1738) led to contemptuous use for "jumble, mixed mass" (1828) and figurative sense of "state of confusion" (1834), as well as "condition of untidiness" (1851). General use for "a quantity" of anything is attested by 1830. Meaning "excrement" (of animals) is from 1903.

mess (v.)

late 14c., "serve up in portions," from mess (n.). Meaning "take one's meals" is from 1701; that of "make a mess" is from 1853. Related: Messed; messing. To mess with "interfere, get involved" is from 1903; mess up "make a mistake, get in trouble" is from 1933 (earlier "make a mess of," 1909), both originally American English colloquial.

中文词源

mess：军队的食堂，餐厅，肮脏，杂乱

来自古法语mes,一份食物，就餐，来自拉丁语mittere,放置，送出，词源同mission,emit.引申词义吃饭的地方，尤指部队餐厅。后用于指倒剩饭剩菜的地方，猪食等，并最终引申词义肮脏，杂乱等词义。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：mess 词源，mess 含义。

mess：杂乱，凌乱状态，伙食团

该词是在13到14世纪时借自古法语mes，而mes又源于拉丁语missus，它们的原义分别为dish of food（一份食物）和course at a meal（一道菜）。圣经中有一句话：Esau sold his birthright for a mess of pottage（以扫为一碗红豆汤出卖长子继承权），其中mess就作“一份食物”一义解。15世纪时mess的词义逐渐引申为“集体用膳人员”、“伙食团”以及“食堂”等，这一用法在海陆军里一度十分普遍，到了L9世纪又进而引申为“大杂烩”、“杂乱”、“凌乱状态”、“乱七八糟（的东西）”，这大概是从部队在野地里用餐后出现的凌乱状态或酒席后杯盘狼藉和残羹剩饭混合一起的情景所引起的联想。食物词语的词义往往是这样演变的，如gallimaufry（残肴的杂烩，大杂烩），hodgepodge（蔬菜和肉的杂烩，大杂烩）；baloney（肉的杂烩，大红肠）．farrago（饲料的杂烩，大杂烩）等。