gas的词源
英文词源
- gas
- gas: [17] We get gas from a Flemish pronunciation of Greek kháos ‘chasm, void’ (a derivative of Indo-European *ghəw- ‘hollow’, and source of English chaos [15]). The Flemish chemist J B van Helmont (1577–1644) used the Greek word to denote an occult principal, supposedly an ultra-refined form of water, which he postulated as existing in all matter.
The sound of Greek kh is roughly equivalent of that represented by Dutch and Flemish g, and so the word came to be spelled gas. Its modern application to any indefinitely expanding substance dates from the late 18th century. The derivative gasoline, source of American English gas ‘petrol’, dates from the late 19th century.
=> chaos - gas (n.1)
- 1650s, from Dutch gas, probably from Greek khaos "empty space" (see chaos). The sound of Dutch "g" is roughly equivalent to that of Greek "kh." First used by Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont (1577-1644), probably influenced by Paracelsus, who used khaos in an occult sense of "proper elements of spirits" or "ultra-rarified water," which was van Helmont's definition of gas.
Hunc spiritum, incognitum hactenus, novo nomine gas voco ("This vapor, hitherto unknown, I call by a new name, 'gas.'" [Helmont, Ortus Medicinae]
Modern scientific sense began 1779, with later secondary specialization to "combustible mix of vapors" (1794, originally coal gas); "anesthetic" (1894, originally nitrous oxide); and "poison gas" (1900). Meaning "intestinal vapors" is from 1882. "The success of this artificial word is unique" [Weekley]. Slang sense of "empty talk" is from 1847; slang meaning "something exciting or excellent" first attested 1953, from earlier hepster slang gasser in the same sense (1944). Gas also meant "fun, a joke" in Anglo-Irish and was used so by Joyce (1914). Gas-works is by 1817. Gas-oven is from 1851 as a kitchen appliance; gas-stove from 1848. - gas (v.)
- 1886, "to supply with (illuminating) gas," from gas (n.1). Sense of "poison with gas" is from 1889 as an accidental thing, from 1915 as a military attack. In old slang also "talk nonsense, lie to." Related: Gassed; gassing; gasses.
- gas (n.2)
- short for gasoline, American English, by 1905. Gas-pump is from 1925; gas-pedal "automobile accelerator" is by 1908; gas-station "fueling station for an automobile" is from 1916.
中文词源
来自chaos, 来自PIE*gheu, 打呵欠，张嘴，词源同gap。原指神学术语混沌，后词义通用化。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：gas 词源，gas 含义。
gas：气体，煤气，毒气；汽油
在现代美国口语中gasoline／gasolene（汽油）一词常被缩略为gas，如gas station（加油站），gas tank（油箱）。但不能据此就认为gasohne／gasolene先于gas出现o gasoline／gasolene乃19世纪束期科学家创造的一个美语用词，由gas（气）加组合语素ol(eum)（油）再加后缀-line／lene构成，作为英国英语petrol的对应词来使用，而gas则比gasoline约
早三个世纪就已见诸使用，系佛兰芒化学家海尔蒙特(J．B．van Helmont，1577 - 1644)所造岳尽管他对气体的性质了解甚少，也无人确知他当时造gas 一词所基于的希腊词khaos' chaos’（混乱）究竟用于何义，但是gas 一词竟被几乎所有语言吸收了，用来表示“气体”、“煤气”、“毒气”、“瓦斯”等义。
gas：气体；煤气，汽油
来源于希腊语khaos(深坑,空)在佛兰德语中的发音“gas”,因为希腊语中kh与佛兰德语g的发音接近。
