draconian的词源
英文词源
- draconian
- draconian: [18] Draconian ‘excessively harsh’ is a monument to the severe code of laws drawn up in 621 BC by the Athenian statesman Draco. Its purpose was to banish inequities in the system which were leading at the time to rumblings and threats of rebellion among the common people, and to an extent it succeeded, but all it is now remembered for is its almost pathological harshness: the most trivial infraction was punished with death. When taxed with his laws’ severity, Draco is said to have replied ‘Small crimes deserve death, and for great crimes I know of no penalty severer’.
- draconian (adj.)
- 1876 (earlier Draconic, implied from 1640s), from Draco, Greek statesman who laid down a code of laws for Athens 621 B.C.E. that mandated death as punishment for minor crimes. His name seems to mean literally "sharp-sighted" (see dragon).
中文词源
draconian（严厉的）：推行严刑苛法的雅典统治者德拉古
公元前621年，希腊城邦雅典的统治者德拉古（Draco）迫于平民的压力，将以往的习惯法加以编纂，颁布了古希腊的第一部成文法。该法以严酷而闻名。对于刑事犯罪，一律处以死刑。就连盗窃水果这样的轻罪也是死刑。德拉古解释说轻罪本来就该处死，至于重罪，因为找不到比处死更重的刑罚，所以也是处死。德拉古法如此严酷，以至历史学家说它不是用墨水写的，而是用血写的。德拉古法后来被梭伦修改，但由此产生了单词draconian，形容严厉苛刻。
draconian：[drə'konɪən] adj.严厉的，苛刻的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：draconian 词源，draconian 含义。
来自古希腊首位立法者Draco，他将以前口口相传的法规以法典的形式加以明确并执行。但同时，由于这部法律过于严酷，即便微小的罪行也会被处以死刑，因此衍生词义严酷的。其字面意思为眼睛锐利的，词源同dragon. 比较同时期中国的商鞅变法。
该词源自公元前7世纪雅典立法者Draco的姓氏。约公元前621年Draco依据习惯法编制雅典第一部以严酷著称的成文法。该法规定，罪无论轻重，一律判处重刑，对刑事犯罪，几乎一律处以死刑。一位希腊演说家说，它是用血写成的，故后人称苛法为Draconian laws（德拉古法），以Draconian 一词来形容严刑酷律。该词首字母现常作小写，词义似乎有所延伸，用以表示“严酷的”或“严厉的”。【“德拉科（Draco）”这一名字，可能来源于创造了一部苛刻法律的雅典第一位立法者Draco。在拉丁语中“Draco”的意思为龙或蛇，同时“Draco”也有天龙座的意思，】
