dollar的词源

英文词源

dollar

dollar: [16] English originally acquired the word dollar in the form doler; this was the Low German form of German taler, a large silver coin in use in the German states from the 16th century. The word was short for Joachimstaler, literally ‘of Joachim’s valley’, and is a reference to the fact that silver from which the coins were made was mined near Joachimstal (modern Jachymov) in the Erzgebirge mountains, Czech Republic. By around 1700 the spelling dollar had become fairly standard, and in 1785 the term was formally adopted for the main unit of currency in the USA. It has since been taken up by over thirty countries around the world.
=> dale

dollar (n.)

1550s, from Low German daler, from German taler (1530s, later thaler), abbreviation of Joachimstaler, literally "(gulden) of Joachimstal," coin minted 1519 from silver from mine opened 1516 near Joachimstal, town in Erzgebirge Mountains in northwest Bohemia. German Tal is cognate with English dale.

The thaler was a large silver coin of varying value in the German states (and a unit of the German monetary union of 1857-73 equal to three marks); it also served as a currency unit in Denmark and Sweden. English colonists in America used the word in reference to Spanish pieces of eight. Due to extensive trade with the Spanish Indies and the proximity of Spanish colonies along the Gulf Coast, the Spanish dollar was probably the coin most familiar in the American colonies and the closest thing to a standard in all of them; it was used in the government's records of public debt and expenditures; it had the added advantage of not being British. The Continental Congress in 1786 adopted dollar as a unit when it set up the modern U.S. currency system, which was based on the suggestion of Gouverneur Morris (1782) as modified by Thomas Jefferson. None were circulated until 1794 .

When William M. Evarts was Secretary of State he accompanied Lord Coleridge on an excursion to Mount Vernon. Coleridge remarked that he had heard it said that Washington, standing on the lawn, could throw a dollar clear across the Potomac. Mr. Evarts explained that a dollar would go further in those days than now. [Walsh]

Phrase dollars to doughnuts attested from 1890; dollar diplomacy is from 1910. The dollar sign ($) is said to derive from the image of the Pillars of Hercules, stamped with a scroll, on the Spanish piece of eight. However, according to the Bureau of Engraving and Printing of the U.S. Department of the Treasury:

[T]he most widely accepted explanation is that the symbol is the result of evolution, independently in different places, of the Mexican or Spanish "P's" for pesos, or piastres, or pieces of eight. The theory, derived from a study of old manuscripts, is that the "S" gradually came to be written over the "P," developing a close equivalent of the "$" mark. It was widely used before the adoption of the United States dollar in 1785.

中文词源

dollar（美元）：捷克波西米亚地区铸造的银币

1519年，在波西米亚（位于今捷克共和国境内）一个名叫Joachimstal的小镇附近，有一座银矿开始制造银币。人们将这里铸造的银币取名为Joachimster。这种银币广泛流通，其冗长的名字后来简化为taler。在荷兰及德国南方，taler一词演变成daler。进入英语后，其拼写形式变成了现在的dollar，用来泛指任何一种外国货币，特别是西班牙铸造的古银币。

美国独立之前，北美殖民地并没有统一的货币，使用最广泛的是一种被称为“八分币”的西班牙比索。在英语中，这种西班牙比索也被称为dollar。美国独立后，在1785年召开的大会上，毛里求斯总督和托马斯·杰弗逊建议用dollar作为美国货币单位的名称。因为dollar一词已经广为人知，而与英国的任何货币无关。从此以后，dollar就成了美国货币单位的名称，即所谓的“美元”。

dollar： ['dɒlə] n.美元

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：dollar 词源，dollar 含义。

dollar：美元

来自德语taler, 货币单位，词源同dale, 山谷，因铸造于Joachimstal而得名。后于1785年，dollar被美国国会采用作为基准货币单位。

dollar：元

dollar（元）的历史可阻追溯到16世纪波希米亚一个以圣母玛利亚之父圣徒Joachim命名的小镇Joachimst(h)al。Tal在德语中意为valley（山谷），Joachimst(h)al就是Joachim's Valley的意思。镇上有家造币厂，专门铸造一盎司银币。由于银币面上有圣徒Joachim的头像，因此该镇所铸银币最初被称作Joachimst(h)aler(意即of the valley of Joachim)。不久这个长而难读的名称被缩略为t(h)aler，在低地德语，即德国北部方言中作da(h)ler。该词传到了英格兰以后，作daller，至17世纪又演变为dollar这一形式，用以指当时流通于许多欧洲国家的银币，尤指西班牙古银币。新生的美利坚合众国决定翩定自己的货币制度，以表示同英国决裂。那时流通于美洲的西班牙殖民地和英国殖民地的西班牙比索( peso)被英语民族称作dollar，杰弗逊(Thomas Jefferson)遂建议采用dollar为美国的货币单位。由于人民大众对dollar都很熟悉，1785年他的建议在大陆会议获得通过。1 792年美国将其货币单位正式定为dollaro此后，加拿大于1858年，澳大利亚于1966年，新西兰于1967年也相继采用了dollar为货币单位，并定为十进制。