dismal的词源
英文词源
- dismal
- dismal: [13] Etymologically, dismal means ‘bad day’. It comes, via Anglo-Norman dis mal, from Latin diēs malī, literally ‘evil days’, a term used to denote the two days in each month which according to ancient superstition were supposed to be unlucky (these days, of set date, were said originally to have been computed by Egyptian astrologers, and were hence also called Egyptian days). The term dismal thus acquired connotations of ‘gloom’ and ‘calamity’. Its earliest adjectival use, somewhat tautologically, was in the phrase dismal day, but in the late 16th century it broadened out considerably in application.
- dismal (adj.)
- c. 1400, from Anglo-French dismal (mid-13c.), from Old French (li) dis mals "(the) bad days," from Medieval Latin dies mali "evil or unlucky days" (also called dies Ægyptiaci), from Latin dies "days" (see diurnal) + mali, plural of malus "bad" (see mal-).
Through the Middle Ages, calendars marked two days of each month as unlucky, supposedly based on the ancient calculations of Egyptian astrologers (Jan. 1, 25; Feb. 4, 26; March 1, 28; April 10, 20; May 3, 25; June 10, 16; July 13, 22; Aug. 1, 30; Sept. 3, 21; Oct. 3, 22; Nov. 5, 28; Dec. 7, 22). Modern sense of "gloomy, dreary" first recorded in English 1590s, in reference to sounds. Related: Dismally.
中文词源
dismal（阴沉的）：古历法中不吉利的日子
在古埃及的历书中，每月有两天为不吉利的日子，不宜处理任何事务。这些不吉利的日子因为是埃及占星家首先测定的，所以被称为Egyptian days。这种迷信在中世纪传入罗马，后来又传遍整个欧洲。拉丁文用dies mali来表示。dies=days，mali=bad，所以dies mali就是bad days（坏日子）的意思。该词演变为法语的dis mals，进入英语后拼写为dismal，去掉了表示复数的s，词性也从名词变成了形容词，表示“不吉利的”。16世纪以后词义也发生了变化，先是由“不吉利的”变为“灾难性的”，以后又逐渐弱化为我们至今还在使用的“阴沉的”、“优郁的”等义。
dismal： ['dɪzm(ə)l] adj.凄凉的，忧郁的，阴沉的，沉闷的。n.低落情绪。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：dismal 词源，dismal 含义。
来自拉丁语dies mali, 即malicious day. 后用做形容词，凄凉的，阴沉的。
; dismal 阴沉的 忧郁的
按古埃及历书每月有两天为不吉利的日子，不宜处理任何事务，其中4月最后一个星期一，8月第二个星期一和12月第三个星期一尤为埃及人所忌讳。这些不吉利的日子因为是埃及占星家首先测定的，故有Egyptian days之称。此一迷信习俗在中世纪时传入罗马，嗣后又传到整个欧洲。在法国历书上每月也有两天被标为“不吉利的日子”，法语作dismal，它来自拉丁语dies mali o dis mal一语译成中世纪英语拼作dismale，最初用作名词，也指“不吉利的日子”。嗣后形式变为dismal，并常与days连用。这一用法导致了dismal由名词到形容词的转变。16世纪以后词义也发生了变化，先是由“不吉利的”变为“灾难性的”，以后又逐渐弱化为我们至今还在使用的“阴沉的”(如天气)、“优郁的”等义。
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词源上指“bad days”，来自拉丁语dies mali。简单地说，di为词根“日，day”，如diary（日记）；dis相当于days；mal常做前缀，表“坏，恶”，常用来表示负面、消极的含义，如malice（恶意）。中世纪欧洲历书上每月有两天不吉利的日子，后词义引申。
