discipline的词源
英文词源
- discipline
- discipline: [13] The Latin word for ‘learner’ was discipulus, a derivative of the verb discere ‘learn’ (which was related to docēre ‘teach’, source of English doctor, doctrine, and document). English acquired the word in Anglo- Saxon times, as discipul, and it was subsequently reformulated as disciple on the model of Old French deciple. Derived from discipulus was the noun disciplīna ‘instruction, knowledge’. Its meaning developed gradually into ‘maintenance of order (necessary for giving instruction)’, the sense in which the word first entered English (via Old French discipline).
=> disciple, doctor, doctrine, document - discipline (n.)
- early 13c., "penitential chastisement; punishment," from Old French descepline (11c.) "discipline, physical punishment; teaching; suffering; martyrdom," and directly from Latin disciplina "instruction given, teaching, learning, knowledge," also "object of instruction, knowledge, science, military discipline," from discipulus (see disciple (n.)).
Sense of "treatment that corrects or punishes" is from notion of "order necessary for instruction." The Latin word is glossed in Old English by þeodscipe.
Meaning "branch of instruction or education" is first recorded late 14c. Meaning "military training" is from late 15c.; that of "orderly conduct as a result of training" is from c. 1500. - discipline (v.)
- c. 1300; see discipline (n.). Related: Disciplined; disciplines; disciplining.
中文词源
古罗马人以纪律严明著称，古罗马军队之所以拥有强大的战斗力，一个主要原因就是士兵们能够严守军纪。古罗马人的纪律性是从儿童教育阶段就开始培养、锻炼出来的。古罗马人认为，教育不仅仅是传授知识，更重要的是磨练意志、培养学生吃苦耐劳、遵守纪律等各项优良品质，因此在教学活动中往往融合对学生的意志和纪律的培养，普遍采用体罚手段。
英语单词discipline来自拉丁语disciplina，指的就是古罗马的这种教育，字面意思是“指导、教学”，由此延伸出“学科”之意。由于古罗马的教育强调纪律和惩戒，因此discipline又产生了“纪律、磨练、管教”的含义。与它同源的单词有disciple（门徒、弟子）。
discipline：['dɪsɪplɪn] n.学科，纪律，磨练，管教，惩罚vt.训练，寻到，惩戒
disciple：[dɪ'saɪp(ə)l] n.门徒，弟子
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：discipline 词源，discipline 含义。
来自disciple, 学习，门徒。引申词义训练，必要的纪律，惩罚。
来源于拉丁语中动词discere(学习)派生的discipulus(学习者)。
同源词：disciple
