dis-的词源

英文词源

dis-: (assimilated as dif- before -f-, to di- before most voiced consonants), word-forming element meaning 1. "lack of, not" (as in dishonest); 2. "do the opposite of" (as in disallow); 3. "apart, away" (as in discard), from Old French des- or directly from Latin dis- "apart, in a different direction, between," figuratively "not, un-," also "exceedingly, utterly," from PIE *dis- "apart, asunder" (cognates: Old English te-, Old Saxon ti-, Old High German ze-, German zer-).

The PIE root is a secondary form of *dwis- and thus is related to Latin bis "twice" (originally *dvis) and to duo, on notion of "two ways, in twain."

In classical Latin, dis- paralelled de- and had much the same meaning, but in Late Latin dis- came to be the favored form and this passed into Old French as des-, the form used for new compound words formed in Old French, where it increasingly had a privative sense ("not").

In English, many of these words eventually were altered back to dis-, while in French many have been altered back to de-. The usual confusion prevails.

来自PIE *dis, 分开，散开，同*dwo, 二，词源同two. 由两边引申为分开，散开，相反。

1.不，非，相反，由disable, disarm.

2.分开，散开，见discuss, discourse.

备注：比较前缀ambi-, amphi-, be-, bi-, by-, dia-, dis-, 可发现他们属同源词，都来自PIE *dwo, 二。由二这个基本词义引申出众多相关的甚至完全不同的词义。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：dis- 词源，dis- 含义。