defeat的词源

英文词源

defeat

defeat: [14] Etymologically, to defeat someone is literally to ‘undo’ them. The verb comes from Anglo–Norman defeter, a derivative of the noun defet. This in turn came from Old French desfait, the past participle of the verb desfaire. This was a descendant of medieval Latin disfacere, literally ‘undo’, a compound verb formed from the prefix dis-, denoting reversal, and Latin facere ‘do, make’.

Its original metaphorical extension was to ‘ruination’ or ‘destruction’, and the now central sense ‘conquer’ is not recorded in English before the 16th century. A classical Latin combination of facere with the prefix dē- rather than dis- produced defect, deficient, and deficit.
=> defect, deficient, deficit

defeat (v.)

late 14c., from Anglo-French defeter, from Old French desfait, past participle of desfaire "to undo," from Vulgar Latin *diffacere "undo, destroy," from Latin dis- "un-, not" (see dis-) + facere "to do, perform" (see factitious). Original sense was of "bring ruination, cause destruction." Military sense of "conquer" is c. 1600. Related: Defeated; defeating.

defeat (n.)

1590s, from defeat (v.).

中文词源

defeat：战胜

de-, 不，非，使相反。feat, 功绩。引申义战胜。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：defeat 词源，defeat 含义。

defeat：打败，摧毁

来源于拉丁语中由前缀dis-(相反)和基本动词facere(做,作)组成的复合动词disfacere(破坏,毁灭),进入古法语为desfaire,过去分词为desfait,进入盎格鲁-诺曼底语为defeter,进入英语为defeat。

词根词缀： de-相反 + -feat-做,作