decimate的词源
英文词源
- decimate
- decimate: [17] Decimate is a cause célèbre amongst those who apparently believe that words should never change their meanings. The original general signification of its Latin source, the verb decimāre, was the removal or destruction of one tenth (it was derived from Latin decem ‘ten’), and it may perhaps strike the 20th century as odd to have a particular word for such an apparently abstruse operation.
It does, however, arise out of two very specific procedures in the ancient world: the exaction of a tax of one tenth (for which indeed English has the ultimately related word tithe), and the practice in the Roman army of punishing a body of soldiers guilty of some crime such as mutiny by choosing one in ten of them by lot to be put to death. Modern English does not perhaps have much use for a verb with such specialized senses, but the general notion of impassive and indiscriminate slaughter implied in the Roman military use led, apparently as early as the mid- 17th century, to the modern sense ‘kill or destroy most of’.
=> decimal, ten - decimate (v.)
- c. 1600, in reference to the practice of punishing mutinous military units by capital execution of one in every 10, by lot; from Latin decimatus, past participle of decimare (see decimation). Killing one in ten, chosen by lots, from a rebellious city or a mutinous army was a common punishment in classical times. The word has been used (incorrectly, to the irritation of pedants) since 1660s for "destroy a large portion of." Related: Decimated; decimating.
中文词源
来自decim-, 十分之一。原为军事用语，一旦出现叛乱的城市或军队，则按照总数量十分之一的比例成批次杀死。类似于汉语的连坐。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：decimate 词源，decimate 含义。
在古罗马军队中对任何兵变的惩罚是以抽签方式处死反叛士兵的十分之一，每班十人，处死一人，而且须由同班人行刑。此所谓“杀一儆十”，在形象上和汉语成语“杀一儆百”几乎没有什么区别。这种做法后来在英国及其他国家也一度使用过。这一惩罚性措施拉丁语作decimare。该词的意思是“十里抽一”或“抽杀…的十分之一”，其词根为decem（十）。英语decimate一词即源于此，所以严格地讲，其词义也应是“抽杀…的十分之一”。可是由于误用，decimate常被释义为“杀灭…中的十分之九”或“大批杀死”、“大量毁坏”，可以说同其原义几乎相反。另一个英语单词decimal（小数，十进位的），若究其根源，也源于拉丁词根decem（十）。
