de-的词源

英文词源

de-

active word-forming element in English and in many words inherited from French and Latin, from Latin de "down, down from, from, off; concerning" (see de), also used as a prefix in Latin usually meaning "down, off, away, from among, down from," but also "down to the bottom, totally" hence "completely" (intensive or completive), which is its sense in many English words. As a Latin prefix it also had the function of undoing or reversing a verb's action, and hence it came to be used as a pure privative -- "not, do the opposite of, undo" -- which is its primary function as a living prefix in English, as in defrost (1895), defuse (1943), etc. Compare also dis-.

中文词源

de-：向下，完全，相反。

来自PIE *de, 向，朝向，词源同单词to.

1.向下。见debase, decide.

2.下到底，表示加强，完全。见debate,declaim.

3.对立，相反。见decipher, defrost.

4.来自法语前缀des, 拉丁前缀dis- 的变体，dis-, 分开。见debar, debark. 在诸多单词与前缀de- 处于一种混淆并融合的状态。

备注：比较前缀ad-, de-, 单词at, to，基本可以断定他们同源，其原始含义表示方向，朝向,可能最终来自字母D的祖先，腓尼基字母Daleth所表示的象形含义“门”，而门所表示的含义就是迎来送往。最终，ad- 词义固定为朝前，de- 基本固定为朝下，而由其引出的上千个单词其词义所展现出来的多样性也远比上述四个基本词义复杂。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：de- 词源，de- 含义。