crystal的词源
英文词源
- crystal
- crystal: [OE] The prehistoric Indo-European base *kru- produced several words denoting ‘hard outer surface’, including English crust, Old High German hrosa ‘crust’, and Old Norse hrúthr ‘crust’. In some cases they reflect a hardening caused by freezing: Old High German hrosa, for example, also meant ‘ice’, and Greek krúos meant ‘frost’.
From this was derived krustaímein ‘freeze’, which in turn formed the basis of krústallos ‘ice’. When Old English first acquired the word, via Latin crystallum and Old French cristal, it still meant ‘ice’, a sense which survived until the 16th century, although losing ground all the time to the metaphorical extension ‘clear mineral’.
=> crust - crystal (n.)
- Old English cristal "clear ice, clear mineral," from Old French cristal (12c., Modern French crystal), from Latin crystallus "crystal, ice," from Greek krystallos, from kryos "frost," from PIE root *kru(s)- "hard, hard outer surface" (see crust). Spelling adopted the Latin form 15c.-17c. The mineral has been so-called since Old English; it was regarded by the ancients as a sort of fossilized ice. As a shortened form of crystal-glass it dates from 1590s. As an adjective, from late 14c.
中文词源
古代希腊人最初见到水晶这种矿物质时，不知为何物。他们看到这种物质和石头一样硬，却又像冰一样晶莹剔透，因此认为是石化的冰，所以在希腊语中称之为krystallos，来自kryos（frost，冰冻）。该词进入拉丁语后变成crystallus，经由法语进入英语后变成了crystal。crystal不仅可以表示水晶，还可以表示其他各种结晶体。
crystal：['krɪst(ə)l] n.结晶，结晶体，水晶adj.水晶的，透明的，清澈的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：crystal 词源，crystal 含义。
来自cryst-,冷，冷冻，词源同crust.
单词crust（外壳；面包皮）可指一切质地坚硬的外壳，也可专指面包皮，在词源上原指由冷冻形成的硬壳。它和crystal 同源，来自同一印欧词根；二者统一于“坚硬”的含义。
