cosmos的词源
英文词源
- cosmos
- cosmos: [17] Cosmos is a learned borrowing from Greek kósmos. The underlying meaning of this was ‘order’, and it appears originally to have been applied to the world and the universe by Pythagoras and his school in reference to the orderliness of creation. In the mid 20th century the word provided a useful linguistic distinction between Western and Soviet activities in space, cosmonaut (from Russian kosmonavt) contrasting with astronaut.
Somebody who is cosmopolitan [19] is literally a ‘citizen of the world’, from Greek kosmopolítēs, a compound of kósmos and polítēs. From Greek kósmos ‘order’ was derived the verb kosmein ‘arrange, adorn’. This in turn provided the basis of the adjective kosmētikós ‘skilled in adornment’, which passed into English as cosmetic [17].
=> cosmetic, cosmopolitan - cosmos (n.)
- c. 1200 (but not popular until 1848, as a translation of Humboldt's Kosmos), from Latinized form of Greek kosmos "order, good order, orderly arrangement," a word with several main senses rooted in those notions: The verb kosmein meant generally "to dispose, prepare," but especially "to order and arrange (troops for battle), to set (an army) in array;" also "to establish (a government or regime);" "to deck, adorn, equip, dress" (especially of women). Thus kosmos had an important secondary sense of "ornaments of a woman's dress, decoration" (compare kosmokomes "dressing the hair") as well as "the universe, the world."
Pythagoras is said to have been the first to apply this word to "the universe," perhaps originally meaning "the starry firmament," but later it was extended to the whole physical world, including the earth. For specific reference to "the world of people," the classical phrase was he oikoumene (ge) "the inhabited (earth)." Septuagint uses both kosmos and oikoumene. Kosmos also was used in Christian religious writing with a sense of "worldly life, this world (as opposed to the afterlife)," but the more frequent word for this was aion, literally "lifetime, age."
中文词源
cosmos（宇宙）：由多部分构成的和谐有序整体
英语单词cosmos（宇宙）和cosmetic（化妆品）拼写接近，这两个单词有 啥关联吗？没错，它们拥有相同的词源。cosmos源自希腊语kosmos，基本意思是order（秩序），据说由古希腊哲学家、数学家毕达哥拉斯 （Pythagoras）首创，表示一个由多个部分构成但又和谐有序的体系，是chaos（混沌）的反面。从希腊语kosmos（秩序）生成动词 kosmein（调整、修饰，使有序），从而生成形容词kosmetikos（修饰的，调整的），这就是英语单词cosmetic的词源。
cosmos：['kɒzmɒs] n. 宇宙；和谐；秩序
cosmetic：[kɒz'metɪk]adj.美容的，化妆的n.美容品，化妆品
cosmopolis：[kɒz'mɒp(ə)lɪs] n.国际大都市。记：cosmo（多个部分构成）+polis（城市）→有多国居民构成的城市
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：cosmos 词源，cosmos 含义。
cosmos：（尤指被视为有序体系时的）宇宙
来自词根cosm, 安排，整理，秩序。词义宇宙，特别是做为一个整体有序体系的宇宙，据称来自于古希腊词哲学家和数学家毕达哥拉斯最早使用。
词根词缀： -cosm-宇宙,秩序 + os
