constable的词源
英文词源
- constable
- constable: [13] The late Latin comes stabulī was an officer in charge of the stables (comes is the source of the English title count, and stabulum is the ancestor of English stable). From the comparatively lowly status of head groom, the job gradually grew in importance until Old French conestable was used for the principal officer of the household of the early French kings. In the 14th century the title was adopted for the Constable of England. On a less exalted level, the word has also been used since the 14th century for someone appointed to uphold law and order, and was applied to police officers when they were called into being in the 1830s.
=> count, stable - constable (n.)
- c. 1200, "chief household officer, justice of the peace," from Old French conestable (12c., Modern French connétable), "steward, governor," principal officer of the Frankish king's household, from Late Latin comes stabuli, literally "count of the stable" (established by Theodosian Code, c.438 C.E.), hence, "chief groom." See count (n.). Second element is from Latin stabulum "stable, standing place" (see stable (n.)). Probably a translation of a Germanic word. Meaning "an officer of the peace" is from c. 1600, transferred to "police officer" 1836. French reborrowed constable 19c. as "English police."
中文词源
stable就是“马厩”的意思。constable最早是“马厩总管”这一官职，类似弼马温。进入法语后升级为皇家内务总管，在后来升级为军队的总司令，是不是有点像中国古代的“司马”这一官职啊？诺曼征服后，该职位随征服者诺曼一道进入英国，其职责为维护国王及各地的武器装备。12世纪，英国和苏格兰设立了Lord High Constable，掌管国家军队。但constable一词在诸侯分裂的各领地上用来表示负责维持当地秩序的职位，也就是地方治安官。现代警察制度建立后，该词用来表示警察、警官，在不同国家级别有高有低，在英国表示基层警察。
constable： ['kɑnstəbl] n.警察，治安官，巡警
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：constable 词源，constable 含义。
来自拉丁短语comes stabuli, 管马的官员。comes, 词源同count, 伯爵，stable,马廐。后来词义发生了变化。比较marshal, 将军，原指管马的官员。
