commune的词源

英文词源

commune (v.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
c. 1300, "have dealings with," from Old French comuner "to make common, share" (10c., Modern French communier), from comun (see common (adj.)). Meaning "to talk intimately" is late 14c. Related: Communed; communing.
commune (n.)youdaoicibaDictYouDict
1792, from French commune "small territorial pisions set up after the Revolution," from Middle French commune "free city, group of citizens" (12c.), from Medieval Latin communia, noun use of neuter plural of Latin adjective communis, literally "that which is common," from communis (see common (adj.)). The Commune of Paris usurped the government during the Reign of Terror. The word later was applied to a government on communalistic principles set up in Paris in 1871. Adherents of the 1871 government were Communards.

中文词源

commune(公社):全体市民共同治理的自治城市

在欧洲封建时期,国家的土地被分封给各个诸侯。土地成了封建君主和领主的私人财产。后来,随着资本主义工商业的兴起,新兴资产阶级逐渐发展壮大。他们定居在城市里,通过赎买和战争手段从封建领主手中夺取了城市的主权,建立了由全体市民共同治理的自治城市。在法语中,自治城市这种组织机构被称为commune,来自拉丁语communis(共同的、公共的),表明自治城市的主权属于全体市民,而不是私人所有。

1871年,法国巴黎人民起义,推翻了资产阶级临时政府,建立了世界上第一个无产阶级政权的雏形——Paris Commune,中文译为“巴黎公社”。从此以后,commune(公社)成为社会主义国家的一种独特组织形式,新中国成立后也曾经历过建设“人民公社”的阶段。

源自拉丁语communis的单词还有community、common、communism等。

commune:['kɒmjuːn] n.公社,自治城市

communal:['kɒmjʊn(ə)l; kə'mjuː-] adj.公共的,公有的,公社的

community:[kə'mjuːnɪtɪ] n.社区,社会,共同体,团体

common:['kɒmən] n.普通,平民,公有地adj.共同的,普通的,一般的,通常的

communism:['kɒmjʊnɪz(ə)m] n.共产主义

communist:['kɒmjʊnɪst] n.共产党员,共产主义者adj.共产主义的

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:commune 词源,commune 含义。

commune:群体,公社

词源同common,公共。