common的词源
英文词源
- common
- common: [13] Common comes ultimately from an Indo-European base *moi-, *mei-, signifying ‘change, exchange’, which also produced English immune, mutate, mutual, and remunerate. A derivative of this base, *moin-, *mein- seems to have joined up with the Indo- European collective *kom- to produce *komoin-, *komein- ‘shared by all’.
In Germanic this became *gamainiz, source of English mean ‘despicable’, while in Latin it gave commūnis, source, via Old French comun, of English common. Both the Latin and French forms have given English a number of derivatives: from the former we have community [14] (Latin commūnitātis), communion [14] (Latin commūniō), and communicate [16] (Latin commūnicāre), while the latter has yielded commune [13] (Old French comuner) and communism [19] (French communisme, coined around 1840).
=> communicate, communism, community, immune, mean, mutual, mutate, remunerate - common (adj.)
- c. 1300, "belonging to all, general," from Old French comun "common, general, free, open, public" (9c., Modern French commun), from Latin communis "in common, public, shared by all or many; general, not specific; familiar, not pretentious," from PIE *ko-moin-i- "held in common," compound adjective formed from *ko- "together" + *moi-n-, suffixed form of root *mei- (1) "change, exchange" (see mutable), hence literally "shared by all."
Second element of the compound also is the source of Latin munia "duties, public duties, functions," those related to munia "office." Perhaps reinforced in Old French by the Germanic form of PIE *ko-moin-i- (compare Old English gemæne "common, public, general, universal;" see mean (adj.)), which came to French via Frankish.
Used disparagingly of women and criminals since c. 1300. Common pleas is 13c., from Anglo-French communs plets, hearing civil actions by one subject against another as opposed to pleas of the crown. Common prayer is contrasted with private prayer. Common stock is attested from 1888. - common (n.)
- late 15c., "land held in common," from common (adj.). Commons "the third estate of the English people as represented in Parliament," is from late 14c. Latin communis also served as a noun meaning "common property, state, commonwealth."
中文词源
common（平民）：贵族和教士外的普通人
单词common源自古法语comun和拉丁语communis，表示“普通的，平常的，公共的，共同的”。英语单词commune（公社）、community（社区）、communicate（通讯，交流）等均源于此。
历史上的“第三等级”指的就是commons，即除教士和贵族外的所有平民。在欧洲历史上，教士和贵族地位特殊，一个属于精神政权即教会的统治阶层，一个属于世俗政权的统治阶层，除此以外的所有人都属于同一等级，即平民等级，即使是依靠产业革命取得大量财富的新型资产阶级也算是平民。法国大革命前召开的三级会议就是指包括了贵族、教士及平民三大等级的全体国民代表大会。
common：['kɒmən]adj.普通的，平常的，一般的，共有的n.平民，公有地
common hero：平民英雄
common sense：常识
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：common 词源，common 含义。
com-, 强调。-mon, 公共，词源同mean, communicate.
common：普通的，平常的；公共的，共有的
词根词缀： com-共同 + -mon-公共
