client的词源
英文词源
- client
- client: [14] The original status of a client was rather lowly: he was someone who was at another’s beck and call, and dependent on them. The word comes from Latin cliēns, an alteration of an earlier cluēns, the present participle of the verb cluēre ‘listen, follow, obey’; hence someone who was cliēns was always listening out for another’s orders, unable to take independent action (in ancient Rome it meant specifically a plebeian under the protection of a nobleman).
That sense is preserved in such English expressions as ‘client state’. The word’s more modern senses have developed through ‘person on whose behalf a lawyer acts’ in the 15th century to simply ‘customer’ in the 17th century.
- client (n.)
- late 14c., from Anglo-French clyent (c. 1300), from Latin clientem (nominative cliens) "follower, retainer," perhaps a variant of present participle of cluere "listen, follow, obey" (see listen); or, more likely, from clinare "to incline, bend," from suffixed form of PIE root *klei- "to lean" (see lean (v.)).
The ground sense apparently is of one who leans on another for protection. In ancient Rome, a plebian under protection of a patrician (called patronus in this relationship; see patron); in English originally "a lawyer's customer," by c. 1600 extended to any customer.
中文词源
client（客户）：置于贵族保护下的平民
很多人区分不清英语单词client（客户）和customer（顾客）之前的区别。了解到client的词源后就不必担心这个问题了。英语单词client来自拉丁语clientem（追随者、家臣），而后者又来自cluere（倾听、服从、跟随）。在古罗马时期，clientem指的是置身于某一贵族保护下的平民。作为代价，这些平民必须服从贵族，听候贵族的差遣，因此被称为clientem，意思就是“服从者、追随者”。刚进入英语时，client专指律师的客户，因为在法律事务上，客户必须听从律师的建议，就像是古代平民听从贵族的命令一样。因此，client在用作“客户”时，通常指的是律师、医生、咨询顾问等专业人士的客户，通常会尊重并听从这些专业人士的建议。因此client还可译为“委托人”，而customer一般译为“消费者”。
client：['klaɪənt] n.客户，顾客，委托人
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：client 词源，client 含义。
来自PIE*klei,倾斜，倾听，依靠，词源同listen,incline.在现代顾客是上帝，在古代顾客是门 客，听从于主人，其原义见client state,附庸国。
