citizen的词源
英文词源
- citizen
- citizen: [14] The Latin word for ‘citizen’ was cīvis. From it was formed the derivative cīvitās ‘citizenship, city state’, from which English gets city. From this in turn a new derivative was formed in Vulgar Latin, *cīvitātānus ‘citizen’, replacing the original cīvis. This found its way, much changed, into Old French as citeain (whence modern French citoyen). Anglo- Norman altered the Old French form to citezein, possibly on analogy with Anglo-Norman deinzein ‘denizen’.
- citizen (n.)
- early 14c., "inhabitant of a city," from Anglo-French citezein (spelling subsequently altered, probably by influence of denizen), from Old French citeien "city-dweller, town-dweller, citizen" (12c., Modern French citoyen), from cite (see city) + -ain (see -ian). Replaced Old English burhsittend and ceasterware. Sense of "inhabitant of a country" is late 14c. Citizen's arrest recorded from 1941; citizen's band (radio) from 1947. Citizen of the world (late 15c.) translates Greek kosmopolites.
中文词源
citizen(市民):居住在城市里的文明人
表示文明的英语单词“civilization”是单词civilize(使文明)的名词形式,单词civilize源自拉丁语civilis(英语为civil),表示“市民的”,civilis来自civis,意思是“市民”。civilis(即英语civil)有三个含义:1市民的;2公共事务的;3文明的,礼貌的。因为古希腊和古罗马时代只有市民才有政治权利,外地人和奴隶都不算市民,对公共事务没有发言权,所以civil含有“公共事务的”的含义。而且,相对于农民(peasant)来说,市民开化程度更高,更加文明,所以civil(市民的)就含有了“文明的”的含义,同时还表示“民用的”、“民事的”和“国内的”等意思。
英语中表示“市民”的单词是citizen,来自古法语citeien,由拉丁语civis(市民)辗转变化来的。古法语citeien的字面意思是“居住在cite里的人”。法语中的cite后来演变为英语单词city。古代只有市民才有政治权利,所以citizen既是“市民”,也是“公民”。
civil:['sɪv(ə)l; -ɪl] adj.公民的,民间的,民事的,民用的,文职的,有礼貌的。
civilize:['sɪvəlaɪz] v.使文明,教化,使开化,变得文明
civilization:[ˌsɪvɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən]n.文明
city:['sɪtɪ]n.城市,都市adj.城市的
citizen:['sɪtɪz(ə)n]n.公民,市民,百姓
civilian:[sɪ'vɪlj(ə)n]n.平民,百姓adj.民用的,平民的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版:citizen 词源,citizen 含义。
来源于拉丁语civis(市民,公民)
同源词:city, civil, civilian, civility, civilize, civilization
来自city,城市,城市居民。拼写受denizen 影响。