cholera的词源

英文词源

cholera: cholera: [14] Greek kholéra originally meant ‘illness caused by choler, bilious attack’; it was a derivative of kholé ‘bile’ (which is related to English gall). Passing into Latin as cholera, it began to be used for ‘bile’ itself, both in the physiological sense and as representing one of the four ancient humours, ‘anger’. It had that sense when first adopted into English, and into French, where it became colère (source of English choler [14]).

It was revived as a term for a severe digestive disorder, involving vomiting, diarrhoea, etc, in the 17th century, and in the 19th century was applied (from the similarity of the symptoms) to the often fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio comma.
=> gall, melancholy
cholera (n.): late 14c., "bile, melancholy" (originally the same as choler), from Middle French cholera or directly from Late Latin cholera, from Greek kholera "a type of disease characterized by diarrhea, supposedly caused by choler" (Celsus), from khole "gall, bile," from khloazein "to be green," from khloros (see Chloe). But another sense of khole was "drainpipe, gutter."

Revived 1560s in classical sense as a name for a severe digestive disorder (rarely fatal to adults); and 1704 (especially as cholera morbus), for a highly lethal disease endemic in India, periodically breaking out in global epidemics, especially that reaching Britain and America in the early 1830s.

来自chol, 胆囊，同gall. 指一种由胆囊引起的腹泻疾病。

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：cholera 词源，cholera 含义。

霍乱是一种急性腹泻疾病，由霍乱弧菌引起，发高峰期在夏季，能在数小时内造成腹泻脱水甚至死亡。古代人以为霍乱是由胆汁引发的，所以拉丁语中表示“胆汁”的单词cholera衍生出“霍乱”之意，并直接进入英语用来表示“霍乱”。背单词时，不妨将cholera（霍乱）和choler（胆汁）放到一起来记忆。

cholera：['kɒlərə] n.霍乱

choler：['kɒlə] n. 胆汁，愤怒