chess的词源
英文词源
- chess
- chess: [13] The game of chess was named after its key move, in which the king is put in check. The plural of Old French eschec (from which we get check) was esches, which in Middle English became chess. (A roughly contemporary English term for the game was chequer, but this died out in the 15th century.) Old French eschec came ultimately from Persian shāh ‘king’, reflecting the game’s eastern origins. However, the terms for the game in Persian (chatrang) and Sanskrit (chaturanga) signify ‘four members of an army’ – namely, elephants, horses, chariots, and foot-soldiers.
=> check, cheque, exchequer - chess (n.)
- 13c., from Old French esches "chessmen," plural of eschec "game of chess, chessboard; checkmate" (see check (n.1)), from the key move of the game. Modern French still distinguishes échec "check, blow, rebuff, defeat," from plural échecs "chess."
The original word for "chess" is Sanskrit chaturanga "four members of an army" -- elephants, horses, chariots, foot soldiers. This is preserved in Spanish ajedrez, from Arabic (al) shat-ranj, from Persian chatrang, from the Sanskrit word.The chess pieces are the block alphabet which shapes thoughts; and these thoughts, although making a visual design on the chessboard, express their beauty abstractly, like a poem. [Marcel Duchamp, address to New York State Chess Association, Aug. 30, 1952]
中文词源
chess（国际象棋）：连续“将军”的游戏
国际象棋中向对方的国王"将一军"，英语叫check，它同chess一起，都是从古波斯语shah(国王)演变来的。Shah进入古法语后写作eschec，进入古英语时写作chek，后来才写作check，意思是提醒对方我下一步就要吃掉你的国王了。最初只限于象棋中的"将一军"之义，后来才伸展为今天的"制止"、"检查"等词义。而古法语eschec的复数形式eschecs进入古英语后写作ches，以后才变为chess，原来"将一军"的复数，而国际象棋chess，就是连续将军的游戏。
另外，古波斯人称象棋中"把对方将死"为shah-mat，mat是"死"的意思;今天英语也说check-mate，这可不是"棋友"，而是"把对方将死"的意思，这里的mate是波斯语mat的译音。
check： [tʃek] n.支票，核实v.核实，检查，打钩，将一军。
chess： [tʃes] n.国际象棋。
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：chess 词源，chess 含义。
来自check在古法语中的复数形式。
国际象棋中向对方的国王“将一军”，英语叫check，它同chess一起，都是从古波斯语shah（国王）演变来的。Shah进入古法语后写作eschec，进入古英语时写作chek，后来才写作check，最初只限于象棋中的“将一军”之义，后来才伸展为今天的“制止”、“检查”等词义。而古法语eschec的复数形式eschecs进入古英语后写作ches，以后才变为chess，原来“将一军”的复数，而国际象棋chess，就是连续将军的游戏。
另外，古波斯人称象棋中“把对方将死”为shah-mat，mat是“死”的意思；今天英语也说check-mate，这可不是“棋友”，而是“把对方将死”的意思，这里的mate是波斯语mat的译音。
