check的词源
英文词源
- check
- check: There are two distinct words check in English, although by very involved pathways they are related. Check ‘verify’ [14] is originally a chess term meaning ‘threaten the king’. It comes from Old French eschequier, a derivative of the noun eschec (source also of English chess), which goes back via Vulgar Latin *scaccus and Arabic shāh to Persian shāh ‘king’ (whence also, of course, English shah). (Checkmate [14] comes via Old French eschec mat from Persian shāh māt ‘the king is left helpless’; the second element turns up again in mat or matt ‘lustreless’.) From the very specific chess sense there developed more general applications such as ‘attack’, ‘arrest’, ‘stop’, ‘restrict’, and ‘verify’.
Among these in the 18th century was ‘token used as a counterfoil for verifying something, such as an amount’. As check this survives mainly in American English (as in ‘hat-check’), but in the specific financial sense of ‘written money order’ it was transformed in British English into cheque, perhaps under the influence of exchequer. Check ‘pattern of squares’ [14] is probably short for chequer, which in turn is a reduced form of exchequer, a word derived ultimately from Vulgar Latin *scaccus ‘check’.
=> cheque, chess, exchequer - check (n.1)
- c. 1300, "a call in chess noting one's move has placed his opponent's king (or another major piece) in immediate peril," from Old French eschequier "a check at chess" (also "chess board, chess set"), from eschec "the game of chess; chessboard; check; checkmate," from Vulgar Latin *scaccus, from Arabic shah, from Persian shah "king," the principal piece in a chess game (see shah; also compare checkmate (n.)). Also c. 1300 in a generalized sense, "harmful incident or event."
When the king is in check that player's choices are severely limited. Hence, "sudden stoppage" (early 14c.), and by c. 1700 to "a token of ownership used to check against, and prevent, loss or theft" (surviving in hat check) and "a check against forgery or alteration," which gave the modern financial use of "bank check, money draft" (first recorded 1798 and often spelled cheque), probably influenced by exchequer. Checking account is attested from 1897, American English. Blank check in the figurative sense attested by 1849. Checks and balances is from 1782, perhaps originally suggesting machinery. - check (v.1)
- late 15c., in chess, "to attack the king; to put (the opponent's king) in check;" earlier (late 14c.), "to stop, arrest; block, barricade;" see check (n.1). A player in chess limits his opponent's ability to move when he places his opponent's king in check. All the other senses seem to have developed from the chess sense: "To arrest, stop;" then "to hold in restraint" (1620s); and finally "to hold up or control" (an assertion, a person, etc.) by comparison with some authority or record, 1690s. Hence, to check off (1839); to check up (1889); to check in or out (in a hotel, of a library book, etc., by 1918). To check out (something) "to look at, investigate" is from 1959. Related: Checked; checking.
- check (v.2)
- "mark like a chessboard, incise with a pattern of squares or checks," late 14c. (implied in checked), from check (n.1). Related: Checking.
- check (n.2)
- "pattern of squares, cross-like pattern," c. 1400, short for checker (n.1).
中文词源
check（核查）：国际象棋中的“将一军”
关于国际象棋，大部分历史学者认为起源于古印度，后来流传至波斯，再经过阿拉伯、流传至欧洲。至今见诸于文献最早的记录是在萨珊王朝时期用波斯文写的。国际象棋中向对方的国王“将一军”，英语叫check，它是从古波斯语shah（国王）演变来的，意思是提醒对方我下一步就要吃掉你的国王了。当对手发出check的提醒时，自己就要仔细检查本方棋盘中国王的安全，所以check一词延伸出现在的“检查”、“核查”等含义。
另外，古波斯人称象棋中“把对方将死”为shah-mat，mat是“死”的意思。英语单词checkmate（将死）就来源于此。
英语单词chess（国际象棋）和check一样，都来自古波斯语shah（国王），是check的复数形式，字面意思就是“连续将军的游戏”。
check：[tʃek] n.支票，核对，检验v.检查，核查，制止，打勾，将一军
checkmate：['tʃekmeɪt] n.将死，挫败vt.把……将死，使……彻底失败
chess：[tʃes] n.国际象棋
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：check 词源，check 含义。
来自古法语eschequier, （棋子游戏）将军，来自阿拉伯语shah, 王。原指一种两军对垒的棋子游戏，当逼近对王主帅时，则说：shah mat, 将杀死你的王，请注意，请检查。类似于中国象棋术语将军。其拼写演变较复杂，首先加字母e, 然后将es又当做前缀ex-脱落，参照etude, echelon. 词源同chess, cheque, exchequer.
check：检查，核对；阻碍，制止；抑制
来源于拉丁语和古法语。
