chauvinism的词源

英文词源

chauvinism

chauvinism: [19] Chauvinism in its original sense of ‘blind patriotism’ was coined in French from the name of one Nicholas Chauvin of Rochefort, a (possibly legendary) French soldier and veteran of Napoleon’s campaigns noted for his patriotic zeal. He was taken up and ridiculed as the type of the old soldier forever harking back to the glories of Napoleon’s times, and became widely known particularly through the play La cocarde tricolore 1831 by the brothers Cogniard, in which there occurs the line ‘Je suis français, je suis Chauvin’.

Hence French chauvinisme, which first appeared in English in 1870. The word’s more general application to an unreasoning belief in the superiority of one’s own group (particularly in the context male chauvinism) arose around 1970.

chauvinism (n.)

1840, "exaggerated, blind nationalism; patriotism degenerated into a vice," from French chauvinisme (1839), from the character Nicholas Chauvin, soldier of Napoleon's Grand Armee, notoriously attached to the Empire long after it was history, in the Cogniards' popular 1831 vaudeville "La Cocarde Tricolore." Meaning extended to "sexism" via male chauvinism (1969).

The name is a French form of Latin Calvinus and thus Calvinism and chauvinism are, etymologically, twins. The name was a common one in Napoleon's army, and if there was a real person at the base of the character in the play, he has not been certainly identified by etymologists, though memoirs of Waterloo (one published in Paris in 1822) mention "one of our principal piqueurs, named Chauvin, who had returned with Napoleon from Elba," which implies loyalty.

中文词源

Chauvinism（沙文主义）：拿破仑的狂热崇拜者沙文

英语单词Chauvinism（沙文主义）源自法国士兵尼古拉•沙文（Nicolas Chauvin）的姓氏。沙文出生于法国第一共和国时代，18岁入伍，在战斗中表现英勇，曾17次中弹。他对拿破仑十分忠诚，曾经获得拿破仑亲手授予的荣誉军刀和200法郎奖赏，是法国的传奇士兵。

沙文对拿破仑以军事手段征服其他民族的侵略政策狂热崇拜。在后拿破仑时期，狂热爱国在法国不再流行，作为拿破仑的狂热崇拜者，沙文成为了人们的讥讽对象。在1831年的一部法国喜剧《三色帽徽》中，首次出现了Chauvinism（沙文主义）一词，以讽刺的口吻对沙文的这种狂妄自大、鄙视其他民族的情绪进行了描写。

现在，Chauvinism（沙文主义）一般用来描述过高看重自己所在国家、民族或团体，鄙视其他国家、民族或团体的思想和态度，如大国沙文主义、民族沙文主义、男性沙文主义。

Chauvinism：['ʃəʊv(ɪ)nɪz(ə)m] n.沙文主义，盲目爱国主义

该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：Chauvinism 词源，Chauvinism 含义。

chauvinism：沙文主义

来自法国小说人名Nicholas Chauvin, 拿破仑时期的一个士兵，在拿破仑滑铁卢兵败后念念不忘拿破仑的伟大和所向披靡的辉煌，因此产生该词。Chauvin, 字面意思为秃头的，词源同callow, Calvinism.