charm的词源
英文词源
- charm
- charm: [13] Although now largely weakened to mere ‘attractiveness’, the origins of charm are in magic spells and incantations. It comes via Old French charme from Latin carmen ‘song’, which was also used for the chanting or reciting of verses with supposedly magic powers. Thus in the Middle Ages, charms were synonymous with enchantment – either spoken or, in more concrete form, carried as talismans. The latter have degenerated in modern times to small trinkets worn on bracelets, an application first recorded in the mid 19th century.
- charm (n.)
- c. 1300, "incantation, magic charm," from Old French charme (12c.) "magic charm, magic, spell; incantation, song, lamentation," from Latin carmen "song, verse, enchantment, religious formula," from canere "to sing" (see chant (v.)), with dissimilation of -n- to -r- before -m- in intermediate form *canmen (for a similar evolution, see Latin germen "germ," from *genmen). The notion is of chanting or reciting verses of magical power.
A yet stronger power than that of herb or stone lies in the spoken word, and all nations use it both for blessing and cursing. But these, to be effective, must be choice, well knit, rhythmic words (verba concepta), must have lilt and tune; hence all that is strong in the speech wielded by priest, physician, magician, is allied to the forms of poetry. [Jacob Grimm, "Teutonic Mythology" (transl. Stallybrass), 1883]
Sense of "pleasing quality" evolved 17c. Meaning "small trinket fastened to a watch-chain, etc." first recorded 1865. Quantum physics sense is from 1964. To work like a charm (figuratively) is recorded by 1824. - charm (v.)
- c. 1300, "to recite or cast a magic spell," from Old French charmer (13c.) "to enchant, to fill (someone) with desire (for something); to protect, cure, treat; to maltreat, harm," from Late Latin carminare, from Latin carmen (see charm (n.)). In Old French used alike of magical and non-magical activity. In English, "to win over by treating pleasingly, delight" from mid-15c. Related: Charmed; charming. Charmed (short for I am charmed) as a conventional reply to a greeting or meeting is attested by 1825.
中文词源
charm（魅力）：具有魔力的咒语
英语单词charm其实和chant（吟唱、圣歌）、enchant（迷住）同源， 它来自拉丁语carmen，而carmen来自chant的词源canere（唱），指的是唱的“咒语”。做动词时等于enchant，指通过念咒施展魔 法来迷住。后来才衍生出“魅力、魔力”等含义，而原来的“咒语”含义反而消失了。
charm：[tʃɑːm] v.念咒，施展魔法，迷住，使陶醉n.魅力，吸引力，魔力
charming：['tʃɑːmɪŋ] adj.迷人的，可爱的，有魅力的
该词的英语词源请访问趣词词源英文版：charm 词源，charm 含义。
来自拉丁词carmen, 唱歌，念咒，来自词根can, 吟唱，词源同chant, cantata. 字母n在m前r化，比较germ, germane, 来自词根gen, 生育。
当今之世哪个女人不希望自己富于charm（魅力），然而在14世纪charm用于女人就不是什么好的字眼了。charm借自法语charme，而法语词则源自拉丁语carmen（曲子，妖术），因此charm最初有“摄人心魂的歌声”“妖术”“魔法”等义。嗣后，词义中“歌声”这一成分逐渐丧失，而且词义变化也由贬而褒。charm的今义“魅力”“迷人之处”始用于16世纪。英语中另有几个词如chant（曲子，圣歌），enchant（使着魔，使入迷），incantation（咒语，妖术）等与charm 一词均有些亲缘关系，它们均源于拉丁语动词cantare（唱）。
charm：魅力，吸引力；魔力，魔法，咒语
来源于拉丁语carmen(歌曲)。
